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Ecology Exam 1 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

0
Q

What is the definition of resilience?

A

Ability to recover from a disturbance

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1
Q

What is the definition of resistance?

A

Degree of change in response to disturbance

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2
Q

Define ecosystem stability

A

Consistency or predictability of ecosystem structure and function in response to a disturbance.

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3
Q

What are the three factors that contribute to stability?

A
  • Negative feedback loops
  • Trophic complexity
  • Nutrient availability
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4
Q

What are the three factors affecting decomposition rates?

A
  • Abiotic factors
  • Detritus quality
  • Decomposer community present
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5
Q

What is a Global Positioning System?

A

It is a system that is helpful in finding the landscape level.

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6
Q

What do Geographic Information systems do?

A

This is a mapping system that shows multiple layers, like soil type or vegetation type

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7
Q

What are the terrestrial ecosystems with the highest and lowest NPP average?

A

Highest: Tropical Rain forest
Lowest: Desert

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8
Q

What Aquatic and wetland ecosystems have the highest and lowest mean NPP?

A

Highest: Swamps and marshes
Lowest: Open ocean

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9
Q

What factors affect secondary production?

A
  • Food availability and energy content
  • Position in food web
  • Body mass/ surface area
  • Activity
  • Endotherm and Ectotherm
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10
Q

What is a description of food availability?

A

Better food quality means better energy quality but if food isn’t there organisms can not survive.

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11
Q

Describe the secondary production affect of position in food web.

A

Affects simulation rates, lower in the food chain means lower simulation rates.

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12
Q

Describe body mass in secondary production

A

This affects metabolic rates, Increasing metabolism will always decrease secondary production.

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13
Q

Describe Activity’s roll in secondary production

A

More active means higher metabolism

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14
Q

What is the description of Endotherm?

A

Had to expand energy to maintain a steady body temperature, this means higher energy is used.

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15
Q

Describe ectotherm

A

An example of this would be a snake heating its body by laying on a rock in the sun, less energy is used.

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16
Q

What is the Biogeochemical Cycle?

A

Cyclic interchange of matter among the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem, landscape or the biosphere.

17
Q

What are the three factors in the Matter Cycle

A
  • Macronutrients
  • Micronutrients
  • Water
  • Non-essential compounds, Pollutants
18
Q

What are Macronutrients?

A

Elements essential to life in relatively large quantities (N,Ca,Mg,K,C,H,O,P)

19
Q

What are Micronutrients?

A

Elements essential to life in relatively small quantities (Cu,Zn)

20
Q

What is Minirhizotron?

A

A harmless way of seeing the roots of plants

21
Q

Define Phyloplane Bacteria.

A

Microbes living on the surface of plants, similar to the bacteria on skin that breaks down dead skin cells.

22
Q

What are the nutrient losses due to human disturbance?

A
  • Lose plant nutrient pump-increased runoff
  • Soil erosion
  • Increased nitrification
  • Increased lose of cations due to acidification of soil
23
Q

Define Oligotrophic

A

Low nutrients, low primary production

24
Q

Define Eutrophic

A

High nutrients, high primary production

25
Q

Define the process of eutrophication

A

Results of nutrient inputs

26
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

Heat trapping by earths atmosphere

27
Q

What is Assimilation equal too?

A

Assimilation = ingestion - Egestion

28
Q

What is cellulose?

A

An insoluble substance, the main constituent of the plant cell walls, it is a polysaccharide.

29
Q

Define Lignin

A

A complex organic polymer deposited in the cell walls of many plants making then rigid and woody.

30
Q

What is egestion?

A

The final stage of digestion, the expulsion of undigested materials.

31
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The process of taking food into the organism

32
Q

What is Nitrification?

A

The chemical process in which an N group is added to an organic compound

33
Q

What is denitrification?

A

Removal of nitrogen (from the soil)

34
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

Excessive richness of nutrients (mostly in bodies of water, frequently due to runoff)

35
Q

What is Oligotrophic?

A

Relatively low in plant nutrients, containing abundant oxygen

36
Q

What is the name for when Nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia?

A

N fixation

37
Q

What is throughdfall?

A

When rain falling through hits the leaves then the ground

38
Q

What is it when rain water hits a tree and travels along the core of it?

A

Stem Flow

39
Q

What is the definition of landscape?

A

All visible features of an area of land, items of aesthetic appeal

Ecology Exam 1 (5 decks)

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