Exam 2 -this one Flashcards
What is an environment where dramatic changes occur frequently? Give an example
-Coarse-grained environment
Ex: A volcano, a desert
What are the traits of an r selected species?
- Coarse-grained environment
- High reproductive effort
- Colonizers
- Small
- Many offspring
What are the characteristics of a k strategist species?
- Fine-grained environment
- Competitive superiority
- Slow development
- Large
- Parental care
What environment has consistent events and do not usually endanger a species? Give an example
- Fine-grained
- Ex: A rain forest
What term defines an increased number of predators?
Numerical
What is an increased number of prey consumed by each individual predator?
Functional
Non-toxic or harmless species mimicking a toxic or harmful species is what? Give 2 examples
Batesian mimicry
Ex: A non poisonous snake had coloring of a poisonous snake. or A bug that has the markings of a yellow jacket bumble bee.
Several toxic or harmful species with similar bright coloration is what? Give two examples
Mullerian mimicry
Ex: Again snakes and a poisonous butterfly mimicking a monarch butterfly.
In mutualism a vascular plant is paired with what?
A Mycorrhizae
What is a community?
An assemblage of populations in a prescribed area
Define Life form
The life forms of the species located in each community and the percentage of each that exists.
Who discovered the supraorganism?
Fredrick Clements
Who spoke against Clements and discovered the Individualistic theory?
Henry Gleason
What shows the distinct different communities on a curve graph?
An Ecotone
*Now go draw one
What is the Supraorganism concept?
Developed by Clements and states that a community grows, matures, and dies as a whole. Communities do not die from age they die from natural disasters.
What is the Individualistic concept, who created it?
Gleason spoke against Clements and said that the supraorganism theory was too broad. He said that when adjacent communities exist the same species can be found in both of them. This concept is more accurate.
What is the intake rate os a consumer as a function of food density? In a chart the variables used include Numbers of predators and prey(Vertical) and Time(Horizontal)
Predator Response
What is it when it is predicted what prey items a species should consume, how much time they should spend looking for it, and how much time they should spend processing it…ect.? What is the equation for this?
The Foraging Strategy
Also the “Prudent Predator concept”
Egain=Eprey-Esearch-Epursuit-Ecapture-Eprocessing
What is the term to describe when harmful organisms share signals with harmless counterparts? Give three examples
-Aggressive mimicry
Ex: Snapping turtles worm like tongue is use to attract fish. Camouflage. and A spider uses a pattern in its web mimicking nectar guides in flowers to attract bees.
What are characteristics of “Better Predators”?
- Hibernation
- Search image
- Other cues (Sight, smell, chemical)
- Team effort (Hunting in packs, signals)
- Aggressive mimicry
What are characteristics of “Better Escape Artists”?
- Warnings (good sight, alarm calls)
- Structural Defenses (Thorns, shells)
- Chemical Defenses (ink)
- Coloration (Matching, flash, warning)
How does flash coloration work? What animals use it? give two examples.
Flash coloration works as a distraction to predators:
- A white tailed deer will flick its tail and while the predator focuses on the white flash the deer runs off.
- Fish have this on their scales to temporarily blind predators
What is it when the Color of the animal includes stripes or spots that breakup the outline of the preys body?
Disruptive Coloration
The development of 2 species at the same time in which they begin to depend on each other is_____?
Coevolution
