Exam 2 -this one

Question 0

What is an environment where dramatic changes occur frequently? Give an example

Answer 0

-Coarse-grained environment

Ex: A volcano, a desert

Question 1

What are the traits of an r selected species?

Answer 1

• Coarse-grained environment
• High reproductive effort
• Colonizers
• Small
• Many offspring

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a k strategist species?

Answer 2

• Fine-grained environment
• Competitive superiority
• Slow development
• Large
• Parental care

Question 3

What environment has consistent events and do not usually endanger a species? Give an example

Answer 3

• Fine-grained

- Ex: A rain forest

Question 4

What term defines an increased number of predators?

Answer 4

Numerical

Question 5

What is an increased number of prey consumed by each individual predator?

Answer 5

Functional

Question 6

Non-toxic or harmless species mimicking a toxic or harmful species is what? Give 2 examples

Answer 6

Batesian mimicry

Ex: A  non poisonous snake had coloring of a poisonous snake. or A bug that has the markings of a yellow jacket bumble bee.

Question 7

Several toxic or harmful species with similar bright coloration is what? Give two examples

Answer 7

Mullerian mimicry

Ex: Again snakes and a poisonous butterfly mimicking a monarch butterfly.

Question 8

In mutualism a vascular plant is paired with what?

Answer 8

A Mycorrhizae

Question 9

What is a community?

Answer 9

An assemblage of populations in a prescribed area

Question 10

Define Life form

Answer 10

The life forms of the species located in each community and the percentage of each that exists.

Question 11

Who discovered the supraorganism?

Answer 11

Fredrick Clements

Question 12

Who spoke against Clements and discovered the Individualistic theory?

Answer 12

Henry Gleason

Question 13

What shows the distinct different communities on a curve graph?

Answer 13

An Ecotone

*Now go draw one

Question 14

What is the Supraorganism concept?

Answer 14

Developed by Clements and states that a community grows, matures, and dies as a whole. Communities do not die from age they die from natural disasters.

Question 15

What is the Individualistic concept, who created it?

Answer 15

Gleason spoke against Clements and said that the supraorganism theory was too broad. He said that when adjacent communities exist the same species can be found in both of them. This concept is more accurate.

Question 16

What is the intake rate os a consumer as a function of food density? In a chart the variables used include Numbers of predators and prey(Vertical) and Time(Horizontal)

Answer 16

Predator Response

Question 17

What is it when it is predicted what prey items a species should consume, how much time they should spend looking for it, and how much time they should spend processing it…ect.? What is the equation for this?

Answer 17

The Foraging Strategy
Also the “Prudent Predator concept”

Egain=Eprey-Esearch-Epursuit-Ecapture-Eprocessing

Question 18

What is the term to describe when harmful organisms share signals with harmless counterparts? Give three examples

Answer 18

-Aggressive mimicry
Ex: Snapping turtles worm like tongue is use to attract fish. Camouflage. and A spider uses a pattern in its web mimicking nectar guides in flowers to attract bees.

Question 19

What are characteristics of “Better Predators”?

Answer 19

• Hibernation
• Search image
• Other cues (Sight, smell, chemical)
• Team effort (Hunting in packs, signals)
• Aggressive mimicry

Question 20

What are characteristics of “Better Escape Artists”?

Answer 20

• Warnings (good sight, alarm calls)
• Structural Defenses (Thorns, shells)
• Chemical Defenses (ink)
• Coloration (Matching, flash, warning)

Question 21

How does flash coloration work? What animals use it? give two examples.

Answer 21

Flash coloration works as a distraction to predators:

• A white tailed deer will flick its tail and while the predator focuses on the white flash the deer runs off.
• Fish have this on their scales to temporarily blind predators

Question 22

What is it when the Color of the animal includes stripes or spots that breakup the outline of the preys body?

Answer 22

Disruptive Coloration

Question 23

The development of 2 species at the same time in which they begin to depend on each other is_____?

Answer 23

Coevolution

Question 24

What is the definition of Mycorrhiza?

Answer 24

It is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. It is a type of mutualism with vascular plants.