Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations 2 > Final - Chapter 7.1-7.7 > Flashcards

Final - Chapter 7.1-7.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular respiration is

A

the process by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The primary aim of cellular respiration is

A

to make energy intermediates (ATP, NADPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When an organic molecule is oxidized

A

energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two components is glucose broken down into through cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The four steps of cellular respiration are

A

1) glycolysis, 2) breakdown of pyruvate, 3) citric acid cycle, and 4) oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glycolysis occurs in

A

the cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The three stages of glycolysis are

A

1) energy investment stage (steps 1-3), 2) cleavage (steps 4-5), and 3) energy liberation (steps 6-10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Warburg effect:

A

cancer cells use glycolysis and decrease oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the energy investment phase of glycolysis, how many ATP are hydrolyzed? What do they create?

A

2 ATP are hydrolyzed and they create fructose-1, 6-biphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the cleavage phase of glycolysis, how many carbon molecules are broken down? What are they broken down into?

A

a 6-carbon molecule is broken down into 2 3-carbon molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the energy liberation phase of glycolysis, how many glyceraldehyde molecules are broken down? What molecules are they broken into?

A

2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules are broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the overall products of glycolysis?

A

2 NADPH and 4 ATP (net 2 ATP which are made via substrate-level phosphorylation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is pyruvate transported to in its breakdown?

A

The mitochondrial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many pyruvate molecules are produced per glucose molecule?

A

2 pyruvate molecules/glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pyruvate oxidized by?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is removed in the oxidation of pyruvate?

A

One molecule of CO2

17
Q

After pyruvate oxidation, the remaining acetyl group attaches to

A

CoA

18
Q

How many NADH molecules are produced per pyruvate molecule?

A

1 NADH/pyruvate

19
Q

In the citric acid cycle, what is removed from acetyl CoA? What is it attached to?

A

An acetyl group is removed and it is attached to oxaloacetate - this forms citrate

20
Q

In the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group produces

A

2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

21
Q

What is regenerated in the citric acid cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate

22
Q

During oxidative phosphorylation, where are the high energy electrons removed from?

A

NADH and FADH2

23
Q

Where do the high energy electrons go during oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The ETC

24
Q

How is ATP made during oxidative phosphorylation?

A

A phosphate group is attached to ADP

25
Q

What are the oxidative and phosphorylation parts of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The oxidative part is the removal of electrons from NADH and FADH2 while the phosphorylation part is the attachment of a phosphate group to ADP

26
Q

How does the phosphorylation part of oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

Via ATP synthase

27
Q

Where is the ETC?

A

Mitochondrial membrane

28
Q

When NADH or FADH2 are oxidized, the electrons go to

A

the ETC

29
Q

As the electrons move through the ETC, they release

A

Energy

30
Q

What is the energy that is released by the ETC used for?

A

The creation of an H+ electrochemical gradient

31
Q

What is the energy in the H+ electrochemical gradient used for?

A

The production of ATP

32
Q

ATP production totals (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation)

A

Glycolysis: 2 net ATP/glucose
Citric acid cycle: 2 net ATP/glucose
Oxidative phosphorylation: 30-34 ATP/glucose

33
Q

What are the conformations of ATP synthase?

A

1) ADP and Pi bind with good affinity, 2) ADP and Pi bind so tightly that ATP is made, and 3) ATP binds very weakly and is released

Foundations 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions