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NURS 671 > FINAL-Basic Airway > Flashcards

FINAL-Basic Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Thyromental Distance - Indication of difficult airway

A

< 3 fingerbreadths
< 6 cm or >9 cm

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2
Q

Inter-incisor gap
Indication of difficult airway

A

< 3 cm (small mouth opening)

Long incisors (reduce the gap)

Buck teeth (increase risk of dental damage0

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3
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint mobility
Indication of difficult airway

A

Head extension <23 degrees

Patient cannot touch tip of chin to chest or extend neck

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4
Q

Mandibular protrusion test (MPT)/Upper lip bite test
Indication of difficult airway

A

Class c/III (out of I-III): Lower incisors cannot be moved in line with upper incisors and cannot bite lip

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5
Q

Mallampati Exam
Indication of difficult airway

A

Class III, IV (out of I-IV)

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6
Q

Mallampati Exam
PUSH

A

P- Pillars (Anterior and posterior)
U- Uvula
S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

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7
Q

Mallampati Class I

A

P- Pillars (Anterior and posterior)
U- Uvula
S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Fauces

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8
Q

Mallampati Class II

A

U- Uvula
S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Fauces

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9
Q

Mallampati Class III

A

S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Base of uvula

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10
Q

Mallampati Class IV

A

H- Hard palate

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11
Q

Cormack + Lehane Grading System
Difficult intubation

A

Grades III, IV (out of I-IV)

Grade III: Epiglottis only, no glottic opening

Grade IV: Soft palate only, no part of larynx

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12
Q

Cormack + Lehane Grade I

A

Complete view of glottic opening

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13
Q

Cormack + Lehane Grade II

A

-Posterior region of glottic opening
-Partial view of vocal cords/no vocal cords

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14
Q

Cormack + Lehane Grade III

A

-Epiglottis only, no glottic opening

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15
Q

Cormack +Lehane Grade IV

A

-Soft palate only, no part of larynx

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16
Q

What is the best predictor of a difficult airway?

A

History of a difficult airway

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17
Q

Adenoids
Eustachian tube
Hard Palate
Soft Palate

A

Nasopharynx

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18
Q

Palatine tonsil
Tongue

A

Oropharynx

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19
Q

Epiglottis
Vocal cords

A

Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx

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20
Q

Upper and lower airways separated by

A

Cricoid cartilage

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21
Q

Upper airway structures

A

Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx
Larynx
Cricoid cartilage

22
Q

Lower airway structures

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli

23
Q

Nose
Blood supply

A

-Maxillary; sphenopalatine branch

-Opthalmic

-Facial; septal branch

24
Q

Nose
Innervation of

A

-Sensory-somatic

Maxillary branch of trigeminal n. (CN V)
Opthalmic branch of trigeminal n. (CN V)

-Parasympathetic-motor

Facial n. (CN VII)
Pterygopalatine ganglion

-Sympathetic innervation

Superior cervical ganglion

25
Q

Nasopharynx location, contents

A

Anterior to C1

Eustacian tubes
Adenoids

26
Q

Oropharynx location, contents

A

C2-C3

Bound by soft palate, hard palate

27
Q

Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx

A

C5-C6

Posterior to larynx

28
Q

Landmark for cricothyrotomy

A

Cricothyroid membrane

29
Q

Larynx composed of 3 single cartilages

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

30
Q

Larynx composed of 3 paired cartilages

A

Corniculate
Arytenoid
Cuneiform

31
Q

Control tension of the vocal cords; opening and closing of the glottis

A

Intrinsic muscles of larynx

Posterior cricoarytenoids
Lateral cricoarytenoids
Interarytenoid
Thyroarytenoids and vocalis
Aryepiglottic
Cricothyroids

32
Q

Connects the larynx, hyoid bone, and neighboring anatomic structures; adjusts position of larynx during phonation, breathing, and swallowing

A

Extrinsic muscles of larynx

ELEVATE LARYNX, suprahyoid muscles

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

PHARYNGEAL MUSCLE

Stylopharyngeus

Depresses hyoid, ELEVATE LARYNX, infrahyoid muscle

Thyrohyoid

DEPRESS LARYNX, infrahyoid muscles

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

33
Q

Elongates (tenses) vocal cords

ADDuction and increasing tension of vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

34
Q

aBducts vocal folds (opens glottis)

aBduction vocal cords

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

35
Q

aDDucts vocal folds (closes glottis)

aDDuction and lengthening of arytenoids causing glottis closure

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

36
Q

Shortens (relaxes) and aDDucts vocal cords (closes glottis)

A

Thyroarytenoid

37
Q

Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords

A

Vocalis

38
Q

Closes laryngeal vestibule

Constriction of laryngeal vestibule

A

Aryepiglottic

39
Q

Closes posterior commissure of glottis

A

Interarytenoid (tranverse + oblique)

40
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except for one) innervated by

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

41
Q

Cricothyroid (intrinsic laryngeal muscle) innervated by

A

Superior laryngeal nerve (external branch)

42
Q

“Cords tense”

A

CricoThyroid

43
Q

“They Relax”

A

ThyroaRytenoid

44
Q

“Please Come Apart’

A

Posterior CricoArytenoid

45
Q

“Let’s Close Airway”

A

Lateral CricoArytenoid

46
Q

Sternomental distance
Indication of difficult airway

A

> 12.5 cm

47
Q

Airway management/Difficult intubation

(acronym)

A

L- look externally
E- evaluate 3:3:2
M-mallampati
O-obesity/obstruction
N-neck mobility
S-Saturation/situation

48
Q

Difficult BVM

(acronym)

A

R- radiation
O-obesity/obstruction/OSA
M-mask seal/male/mallampati
A-aged
N-no teeth

49
Q

Difficult LMA/EGD

(acronym)

A

R-restriction
O-obstruction/obesity
D-distorted anatomy
S-short thyromental

50
Q

Difficulty surgical airway

(acronym)

A

S-surgery
M-mass
A-anatomy
R-radiation
T-tumor

NURS 671 (11 decks)

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