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Pharmocology II > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfanomides

A

Broad Spect
Static
PABA agonists-inhibits folic acid synthesis

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2
Q

Dihydrofolate reductase enzyme inhibitors?

A

Diaminopyrimidines

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3
Q

Sulfa that is an ophthalmic preparation-short acting

A

Sulfacetamide

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4
Q

Sulfa: UTI in sm animals
soluble and rapidly excreted
short acting

A

Sulfisoxazole

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5
Q

Sulfa: Respiratory and enteric infections in calves and swine
short acting

A

Sulfachlorpyridazine

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6
Q

Sulf: Intermediate acting UTI in sm animals

A

Sulfamethoxazole

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7
Q

Long acting sulfas?

A

Sulfadimethoxine

Sulfamethazine

Sulfaethoxypyridazine

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8
Q

Sulfa; Colitis in dogs

A

Sulfasalazine

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9
Q

Sulfa: Coccidiosis in poultry

A

Sulfaquinoxaline

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10
Q

Topical Sulfa

A

Silver sulfadiazine

sulfacetamide

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11
Q

Sulfa spectrum of action

G+/-?

A

Both G+ and -

Protozoa

Ineffective against obligate anaerobes

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12
Q

What can you combine sulfas with to get an even broader spectrum?

A

Diaminopyrimidines

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13
Q

What is the distribution of Sulfa

A

Wilde

synovial, aqueous and spinal fluid, placental, sm conc in milk

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14
Q

How are Sulfa metabolized and excreted

A

Acetylation—dooooggssss can’t acetylate

Renal Excretion

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15
Q

What are your toxic effect of sulfa?

A

KCS

Hepatic necrosis

Nephrotoxicity

Blood dyscrasias: hypoprothrobinemia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

Breed sens of Sulfa

A

Doby: Polyarthritis, cutaneous eruption, hepatitis

Dogs and Ducks: Hypoglycemia

Dogs: Iatrogenic hypothyroidisms

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17
Q

MOA for diaminopyrimidines

A

Reversibly binds and inhibits dihyrdofolate reductase enzyme

This affects bacterial folic acid production

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18
Q

Diamino specific for protozoa

A

Pyrimethamine

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19
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Diamino

A

Well aborbed

BBB, conc in prostatic fluid and milk (ion trapping)

met in liver

excreted in urine

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20
Q

What is it called when you combin sulfa and Diamino

what is this Ab efficacy?

A

poteniated sulfa

synergistic
Bactericidal
alone these are static

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21
Q

Name some Diamino

A

Ormetoprim
Pyrimethamine
Trimethoprim

Aditoprim
Tetroxoprim
Metioprim

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22
Q

What is the susceptibility of Potentiated Sulfas?

A

G+ and - (except pseudo)

Protozoa

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23
Q

What are your beta-lactam Ab?

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbepenems

Monobactams

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24
Q

How do Beta Lactam Ab work?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

They bind to the PBP and interferes with the transpeptidation reaction

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25
Q

How can bacteria become resistant to Beta lactam Ab?

A

Production of beta-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze the beta lactam ring

G- are impermeable to beta lactam ab

Reduced sensitivity of penicillin binding protein

26
Q

What are your natural penicillins?

A

Penicillin G (Na+/K+, Benzathine, procaine)

Penicillin V (acid stable)

27
Q

Which bacteria are susceptible to natural Penicillin

A

Step, Staph, Corny, Listeria, Pasturella, Haemophilus,

Anaerobic

Spirochetes

28
Q

What are your semi-synthetic Penicillin used for?

A

Penicillinase resistance

29
Q

What are your 3 types of semi-synthetic Penicillin

A

Penicillinase resistance penicillin

Broad Spectrum Penicillin

Extended spectrum/anti-pseudomonal Penicillin

30
Q

Cloxacillin, Oxacilling, Dicloxacillin are all what kinds of Penicillin

A

Penicillinase resistant

31
Q

What can you tx with penicillinase resitant Penicillin

A

Staph that is producing penicillinase—BOVINE MASTITIS

Eye infection

32
Q

What kind of Penicillin are Amoxi and Ampi?

A

Broad spectrum

33
Q

What can you treat with ampi and amoxi?

A

Microbes that are susceptible to natural penicillin (Step, Staph, Corny, Listeria, Pasturella, Haemophilus, Anaerobic, Spirochetes)

Enterbacteriacae

34
Q

Which kinds of penicilllin do you want to admin together?

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors and semi-synthetics/extended

35
Q

What are your extended spectrum/anti-pseudomonal penicillins?

A

Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin

36
Q

What is the Microbial susceptibility of extended spectrum penicillins?

A

G- aerobic and anaerobic

Enterobactericae

PSEUDO

37
Q

Which penecillin should be admin by IM?

A

Benzathine Penicillin G

38
Q

What would happen if you administered Procaine penicillin G IV?

What can you add?

A

AFFECTS CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

sodium salt

39
Q

Why can penicillin give an allergic reaction?

A

Bc it has an active metabolite that can cause it

Penicilloic acid

40
Q

Which one is excreted in the bile and what kind of penicillin is it?

A

Nafcillin

Penicillinase resistant penicillin

41
Q

SE of penicillin

A 
Allergic reactions
Superinfection
Convulsion/ataxia
CNS disorders in sm exotics
Excitement in horses
Cardiac toxicity
42
Q

How do you classify cephalosporins?

A

Generations–4

43
Q

Whats a 1st gen ceph used on sm animals?

A

Cefazolin

44
Q

What is a first gen ceph that is used for mastitis? intramammary

A

Cephapirin

45
Q

What is a 1st gen ceph that is used as an ophthalmic ointment for conjunctivitis in dogs and cats, and mastitis in cattle?

A

Cafalonium

46
Q

What are you susceptible bacteria for 1st gen cephs?

A

G+ and -

47
Q

Which ceph can cross the BBB

A

cefuroxime

48
Q

What are the two second gen cephs that she highlighted?

A

Cefeotetan

Cefoxitin

49
Q

Which gen, 1 or 2, is more effective for G-?

A

2nd

50
Q

Second gen cephs are also active against?

A

Anerobic

51
Q

Whic ceph is active against Pseudo?

A

Cefoperazone

52
Q

Which ceph is active against Pseudo in exotic and zoo animals?

A

Ceftazidime

53
Q

Which ceph is a single injection in dogs and cats for pyoderma/skin/UTI?

A

Cefovecin

54
Q

Out of the gen of ceph which one is most effective for G-?

A

3rd

55
Q

Which ceph has a broader G+ activity? Strep

A

Ceftiofur

56
Q

Which ceph is effective against resistance infections?

A

Cefquinome

57
Q

What drug prevents degredation of admin of penicillin?

A

betalactamase inhibitors:

Clavulanic acids

Sulbactam-parenteral

Tazobactam (resist pseudo)

58
Q

Which betalactam Ab has the broadest spectrum of action? is used for serious resistant infections?

what is the SE

A

Imipenem

Seizures

59
Q

What can you use instead of imipenem if you want a more soluble drug with decreased SE

A

Meropenem

60
Q

What drug is used in penicillin allergic patients?

A

Aztreonam

Pharmocology II (6 decks)

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