Final

Question 1

Possible phonemes

Answer 1

100

English 40

Question 2

Morpheme

Answer 2

Samllest unit of meaning
Root words, prefixes, etc
50000 english

Question 3

Pragmatics

Answer 3

How ppl use language to communicate effectively

Question 4

Infants hearing phonemes

Answer 4

As early as 1 mo can distinguish

Eventually lose the ability to distinguish unused phonemes

Question 5

Speech perception

Answer 5

Discriminate boundaries of phonemes (car vs core)

Can make difficult phonemic distinguishments

Cochlear implants: but dont work in children born deaf (havnt had chance to hear correct phonemes

Question 6

First steps to speech

Answer 6

Cooing: 2 mo
Babbling: 6mo
Babbling with intonation: 8-11 mo
First words: around 1 yr

Question 7

Babbling drift

Answer 7

Babies imitate speech theyre most exposed to

Question 8

Language is motor

Answer 8

Ex manual babling

Question 9

Fast mapping

Answer 9

Rapid acquiring of words (20 words per week by only hearing once)

Question 10

Vocab spurt

Answer 10

18-24 mo
Fast mapping
Coining
Over and underextensions

Question 11

Telegraphic speech

Answer 11

End of 2nd year
“Me go” “daddy drive work”

Halting)

Question 12

Overregularization (goed)

Answer 12

Cant apply rules of grammar/lang correctly

“I wented” goed, thinked

Question 13

Overextensions

Answer 13

Ex label dog for every animal that has 4 legs

Question 14

Underextensions

Answer 14

Ex. The doll is only my doll

Question 15

Coining

Answer 15

Make up words for things

Question 16

Infant directed speech/motherese

Answer 16

Slow to exaggerate every sound and word

To discriminate phonemic categories

Question 17

Joint attention

Answer 17

Mother and child interaction/ convo facilitates learning of words

Question 18

Skinner

Answer 18

Behaviourist
Reinforced/ punished based on how u speak
From env, others

Question 19

Chomsky

Answer 19

Nativist
Lang is innate mechanism that humans have
Prewired genetically
Learn rules
Language acquisition device

Question 20

Interactionist

Answer 20

Cognitive, social communication, and emergentist theories
Based on brain areas and stimulation from env
Frontal lobes and neural circuits becoming more dev
Env

Question 21

Chomskys criticism to learning view

Answer 21

Children not reinforced for speech accuracy
Learn to speak well despite poor models of speech (ex foreign parents)
Children emit novel sentences
Rules of grammar too complex for simple learning processes

Question 22

Nativism ctd

Answer 22

Biological basis for lang acq

Complicated set of rules

Question 23

2 structures of lang (nativist)

Answer 23

Surface structure: way words are combined, varies across culture

Deep structure: inborn rules of lang (dont vary) MEANING, way of saying things

Question 24

Lad

Answer 24

Brain mechanism that translates surface into deep structure

Question 25

2 components of reading

Answer 25

Word recognition: id patterns of letters (orthography)

Comprehension: extract meaning

Question 26

Foundations of reading skill

Answer 26

Knowledge of letter names

Phonological awareness: requires GPC

Question 27

GPC

Answer 27

Grapheme to phoneme correspondence

Process of converting grapheme (how it is spelled ex “th”) to phoneme (sound, how it is pronounced)

Question 28

Expansions

Answer 28

Repeat speech in which errors are corrected and statements elaborated

Me want cookie

You want a cookie?

Question 29

Recasts

Answer 29

Speech put in proper structure

Mouses runned in hole

Those mice ran into that hole

Question 30

Speech acts

Answer 30

Pragmatic functions like request or refuse something

Question 31

Discourse

Answer 31

Language in everyday convos

Requires social skills

Question 32

Social referential communication

Answer 32

Speaker sends a message that is comprehend by the listener

Ex talking on the phone, have to see both POVs (preop children have difficulties!)

Question 33

Taking turns

Answer 33

Not in all cultures
Infants model
2 yrs spontaneous
3 yrs will try to elicit a response