Ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Detection of sense info

Unconscious

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2
Q

Perception

A

Interpretation, organization, understanding of sense info

Conscious

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3
Q

Selective perception

A

Focus on one thing while ignoring others

Frontal lobe functioning

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4
Q

Measuring attention/perception

A

Orienting
Habituation
Preferential looking
Evoked potentials

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5
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Gorilla and basketball court

You focus on something and ignore the peripheral stimuli

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6
Q

Change blindness

A

Switch person experiment

Dont notice changes

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7
Q

Orienting

A

Move towards something shows ability to detect it

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8
Q

Habituation

A

Bored to renewed interest
Ex. Show a res card repeatedly, child gets bored
Then show a blue card and shows renewed interest

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9
Q

Preferential looking

A

Which stimuli they prefer to look at

Ex shapes in mobile, faces

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10
Q

Evoked potentials

A

Look at neuronal activity in a brain area

Can look at long term functions

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11
Q

Touch and pain

A

Babies cry, show increased hr and cortisol when pricked

Sensitivity to touch in womb: baby will root, display different reflexes (palmar also)

2mo after conception

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12
Q

Smell and taste

A

Smell: evident prenatally
Prefers smell of mothers amniotic fluid at birth
Newborns pos or neg responses to smells and tastes (facial expressions, disgust)
Will increase rate of sucking

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13
Q

Hearing

A

28 week old FETUS shows reactivity to sound
Eyelids clamp
Mothers voice is preferred: increase in sucking rate
Prefer familiar stories, languages, will increase sucking
Prefer low frequency sounds (voice and language dev) and improves at 6mo

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14
Q

Sound location

A

10 min after birth
Recalibration/ adjustments with head growth (larger distance between ears)
7 months: location and distance of sound
Startle reactions

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15
Q

Vision

A

Track moving objects

Newborns perceive contrast but few colours

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16
Q

Visual acuity

A
Clarity of visual images
20/400 to 20/800
What they see at 20 feet we see at 400 feet 
By 1 year= same as adult
Focus 7-8 inches away
17
Q

Visual accomodation

A

Lenses bending with distance

Neural networks not developed in newborn

18
Q

Perceiving colours

A

1 mo: blue and gray, red from green

3-4 mo: all colours (like adults)

19
Q

Visual relations

A

Babies look longer at shape that is misalligned: visual detection
Between 1 and 3 mo begin to organize visual stimuli together (notice discrepancies)

20
Q

Perceiving faces

A

1 mo: look at edges, periphery

3mo: look at facial features, eyes, nose, etc.

21
Q

Depth

A

By 7 mo (approx same time as crawling)
Increase in hr at sharp drop off
Peripheral vision critical to depth perception (develops balance)

22
Q

Depth - convergence

A

More convergence=closer the image

23
Q

Retinal disparity

A

Close one eye and then other

Images “jump” more when closer

24
Q

Vestibular sensitivity

A

Sensory feedback from vestibular organs: balance and body posture
More alert in vertical posture
Necess for motor skills
Conflict between visual and vestibular can occus
Visual cues can outweigh vestibular cues (ex moving wall)

25
Q

Intermodal perception

A

Cues from different senses go together

More modalities involved(senses)=child pays more attention

26
Q

Exploratory intermodal relations

A

Inborn ability to spatially relate among sensory modes

Ex. Will orient towards a sound/ stimuli

27
Q

Intermodal representation

A

Mental representations that bridge touch and visual & auditory and visual
Ex. The infant startled when shown a bear that looks fluffy but is rubbery, rough
By 6mo

28
Q

Audio-visual redundancy

A

Hammer and hammering sound experiment.
Both image and sound are out of sync, the baby pays more attention and detected change to the synchronized stimuli
Indicates integration of sensory info/modes

29
Q

Attention

A
Improves as frontal lobes develop:
Control of attention
Ignoring irrelevant info
Planfulness
Adjusting attentional strategies
30
Q

Scanning

A

Becomes more efficient with age:
More careful in gathering visual info
More flexible in search strategies
Less likely to be distracted in their searches

31
Q

Adhd i and ii + criteria

A
  1. Inattention: difficulty organizing tasks, does not seem to listen when spoken to
  2. Hyperactive and impulsivity: fidgets, difficulty waiting turn
    At least some symptoms present before 7
    Impairment present in 2 or more settings
    Clear evidence of sig impairment (social, academic, occupational)
32
Q

Neurological basis adhd

A

Abnormalities of cc: some functions in one side inhibited by other side (normal)
In adhd: problems, so hemispheres cant inhibit certain functions

Frontal lobes: right hem bigger in normal ppl
Adhd: symmetry
Right hem: control of attention
Smaller, so lose ability to control attention

PET: lower levels of blood flow in right (glucose). Hypofrontality: lower blood flow in frontal lobes

Frontal basal circuitry: circuit btwn front lobes and basal ganglia
PET shows lower blood flow in basal ganglia
Bg: crucial role in augmenting inhibitory effect of frontal lobe

33
Q

Stimulants for adhd

A

Stimulates metabolism and inhibitions that they lack