Ch.10 Intelligence Flashcards
Binet Simon
Mental age
Tasks given to establish norms at certain ages
Standford binet (terman)
Intelligence quotient iq
=mental age/chronological age x 100
Problems…
Factor analysis of intelligence
Multiple factors
Group certain factors together into categories
Intelligence is based on # and organization of factors (factor analysis)
Ex: vocab + writing skills = verbal (high correlations together)
Spearman 2 factor theory
General intelligence: g: overall umbrella, all forms of intellect, common to all abilities
Specific : s: special abilities you excel in certain areas
Thurstone
7 primary abilities:
Verbal comprhsion, verbal fluency, number, spatial vizualization, memory, reasoning, etc.
Hierarchal model
Compromise between g & s:
General intelligence broken down into 8 specifics
Broader intelligences at top
More specific at bottom
Fluid intelligence
Ability to learn on the fly
Crystallized int
Tapping into what you already know (iq tests today)
Wechsler
Verbal comp, perceptual reason, working mem, processing speed
K ABC
Grounded in info processing conceptions of int
Kaufman assessment battery for children
Broad cog abilities, fluid resoning, visual process
CULTURALLY FAIR: ex test of mental rotation
WAIS WISC
Most widely used wechsler scale
Factor analysis: 2 major factors:
Verbal/non verbal
Psychometric approach
Psychometric approach
Based on standardized norms
Data in normal distribution
Mean 100 SD 15
Unlike simon benet…
To compare individ differences to population
Pragmatical use: ex what type of education child should receive
WAIS
Verbal and performance items
Verbal: gen info, similarities, arithmetic
Digit span
Performance: picture completion, block design, object asdembly, etc
Reliability
Consistent scores?
Short term: yes.
Long term: no. Infant tests dont reliabily predict iq in adulthood
Validity
Measures intended domain
Yes: test measures scholastic ability
Increased with dynamic testing
Criterion validity
Whether IQ can predict a criterion such as school performance
Yes: reasonable predictors of success in school, workplace, for complex jobs
Dynamic testing
Measures learning potential
Fluid testing
How quick they can adapt to new material
Direct observation of a child actively learning new mat
Increases validity because Iq tests more a measure of crystallized, and that is based on environment
Why validity can increase with dynamic testing
Dynamic testing: measure of fluid intelligence
Iq tests based on crystallized: which is the knowledge you already know
Yet this is influenced by env: vygotsky
Zone of proximal dev and scaffolding
Zone of proximal dev and scaffolding
Sociocultural
Takes in account aid from peers
What learner can do with guidance
Bayley scales
For babies 1-2yrs
Test sensorimotor skills
Ex, habituation to a rattle raddled behind head
Smiles at mirror image
Habituation more a predictor of intelligence: response to novelty
Heritability
Diffs among groups
Genetic
Heritability factor
0: all environment
1: all genetic
Different among cultures, places, etc
HOME research
Correlates with infant’s intelligence only and not adult intelligence
Based on fact that fam env can alter intelligence
1hr visits for 3 yrs
Gardner
Multiple intelligences: musical, natural, interpersonal, intrapersonal, etc…
Creativity: divergent thinking, personality and motivation
Intelligence assoc with
Convergent thinking: arriving at ONE correct answer
Creativity
Assoc with divergent thinking (new and unusual)
Intellectual impairment
Substantially below average iq and problems adapting to env
Emerge before 18
Learning disability
Disorders that can affect learning: aquisition, organization, retention, understanding, etc
May affect Language Readingg Written Math
