Final Flashcards
Explain the History Teller:
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the struggle of the Thirteen Colonies to end their ties with Britain. The British government taxed the American colonies to help pay for their expensive wars. These high taxes along with a few other events began to upset the people of the Thirteen Colonies. They decided they wanted to rule themselves and be free from British rule.
Explain the History Teller:
Loyalists Leave
People who supported the American rebellion were called Patriots, and they people who wanted to remain with Britain were called Loyalists. Many loyalists left the Thirteen Colonies to the British colonies of Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Explain the History Teller:
Laws Grieve
The arrival of the loyalists had an effect on the FN, French and British people already living in Canada. Many loyalists felt since they stayed loyal, Britain owed them something. They petitioned the government to put more British customs in place instead of the French ones that were established in the Quebec Act of 1774. To keep everyone happy Britain divided the settlement of Nova Scotia into smaller settlements: New Brunswick, Cape Breton Island, and St. John’s Island.
Explain the History Teller:
U.S. Attacks, Canada Reacts
Because of the grievances the U.S. had against Britain, they declared war. Britain was busy with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Britain shut down the trade route America had with France, and started searching American ships for British deserters. To retaliate, America declared war on Britain’s closest piece of land, Canada. The American invaded, expecting the colonists to fight with them against British rule. Instead they fought back against America
Explain the History Teller:
Split Canada: Ontario - Upper, Quebec -Lower
In 1791, the government passed the Constitutional Act which divided the colonies into Upper and Lower Canada. Lower Canada, which was mostly French Catholic settlers, reaffirmed the the arrangements under the Quebec Act of 1774. Upper Canada, which was mostly English Protestant settlers, was given British civil and criminal law. Each colony was given and elected assembly for representative government.
Explain the History Teller:
Civil Rebellions
Between 1815 and 1850 waves of immigrants began to arrive in Canada. They came for a better life, more employment, and to escape famine and disease. The arrival of these immigrants caused a demographic change. Up until now Canadiens had made up majority of the population in Lower Canada. Once again the people were unhappy. They wanted more control over the decisions that were made in their colonies. The people sent complaints to Britain regarding the Canadian system, but the complaints were rejected. This caused many civil rebellions to break out against the British Military. These rebellious battles were squashed in 1837 and the leaders fled to the U.S. or were punished. Britain sent Lord Durham to Canada to report back a solution. After his recommendations, Britain passed the Act of Union in 1841. It combined Upper and Lower Canada into one province and into Canada East and Canada West. They each had equal number of seats in the elected assembly and English was the official language of the government
Explain the History Teller:
Confederation - Four Makes a Nation
In 1867, the first four provinces to join were Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. They came together in hopes of solving several issues, such as the fear of American annexation, trade issues, and individual and regional rights.
Explain the History Teller:
Sir John A. Macdonald
The BNA Act was a big part of confederation. It was created by John A. Macdonald and George-Etienne Cartier in hopes of reassuring the provinces that confederation was the best decision for the strengthening and development of Canada. The BNA Act outlined the rules of the federal government while maintaining individual provincial controls over their affairs.
Explain the History Teller:
Sea to Sea
The BNA Act guaranteed the government funding for a railway linking the Maritimes to Central Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald’s had a vision of Canada being connected from sea to sea with the railway.
Explain the History Teller:
Louis Riel
The HBC sold Rupert’s Land to the Canadian government. The government neglected the rights and opinions of the Metis and First Nations people living in the Red River area. They even sent surveyors to section off the land for new settlers coming to the country to sell, and sometimes went through the Metis land as if it weren’t there. The Metis rebelled against this. Hey wanted recognition of their ownership of the land. A provisional government was set up and Louis Riel was elected president. Eventually, soldiers came to end the resistance and Riel fled to America
Explain the History Teller:
Manitoba Made - Three Okayed
The government was forced to listen to the people of Red River and in the end created the province of Manitoba in 1870. But at that time it was “the size of a postage stamp”
Explain the History Teller:
Quelled Riel
Many Metis people moved from the Red River area to the South Branch communities to start a new life. Eventually they began to have the same problems as Red River. The government was land speculators to map out where the railway would go, and the invaded the Metis land again. They sent petitions to the government but they where all declined. Gabriel Dumont went to seek out the help of Louis Riel once again. Riel returned and when the Metis declared their provisional government at Fort Batoche, the government sent 600 troops. The battle lasted three days, and Riel gave himself up along with Poundmaker and Big Bear. They were all charged with treason and found guilty, but only Riel was hung.
Explain the History Teller:
Seven Treaties
The first thing Canada’s government had to do, to ensure expansion to the west was to negotiate treaties with the FN. The royal proclamation of 1763 required these negotiations before these expansions could occur. The intention of e treaties from the governments perspective was to assimilate the FN peoples to become more British. The intentions of the treaties from the FN perspective was to adapt for survival of their culture.
Explain the History Teller:
Northwest Mounted Police
The Northwest Mounted Police was founded to establish peace and order in the west. Their first headquarters was in Fort MacLeod in 1873. They developed a trust with the FN that helped keep peace. As the railway advanced and settlers arrived.
Explain the History Teller:
Ocean to Ocean Railway
John A MacDonald’s national policy won him the election in 1878. It promised three things. To promote Canadian industry, to finish the railway and settle the west. Canada’s government recruited moans men from China to help build the railway. This brought many immigrants to Canada. The Chinese workers contributed greatly to the building of the railway. The last spike was hammered in on November 7 1885.
