Chapter 1 Flashcards
Indigenous Peoples
First Peoples, the original people of a place
Consensus
Agreement by everyone
Alliance
An agreement among groups or nations to act together in support of each other.
Protocols
Formal rules
Powwow
A gathering of First Nations peoples to celebrate their culture.
Tenet
A basic principle held in common by a group
Perspective
Values and ideas shared by people with a common language, culture and history.
How did the Mi’kmaq gather food?
Farmed fresh water fish Hunted deer & moose Fished eel Picked berries Gathered duck eggs
How did the Anishnabe gather food?
Pick berries Collect plants Harvest wild rice Fishing Sturgeon Hunting deer
How did the Haudenosaunee gather food?
Grew corn, beans, and squash
Forest gave them berries, roots, maple syrup and game.
Did the Mi’kmaq move seasonally?
Yes, they lived close to the coast in the summer, and in the forest in the winter. The seasonal movement helped them make the best use of their land. Also for protection.
Did the Anishnabe move seasonally?
Yes, they hunted at the winter camp and came to the summer camp to gather food, have ceremonies, and sports.
Did the Haudenosaunee move seasonally?
No, but they moved when the land won’t serve them anymore.
Describe the Mi’kmaq’s camps.
Birch bark wigwams Mattresses made from evergreen branches Canoes Pond for fishing Toboggans Snowshoes
Describe the Anishnabe camps.
Built canoes for speed Dome-shaped buildings built for meetings Made arrows Tools for collecting maple syrup Snowshoes
Describe Haudenosaunee camps.
Built longhouses
Corn fields nearby
Baskets for washing corn
Name 5 similarities between the 3 First Nations groups.
All made decisions using consensus All had male leader All used technologies to make life easier All were spiritual - believed in Creator There was no accumulation of wealth
Name 5 differences between the 3 First Nations groups.
All had different roles for woman in decision making
Some farmed, others gathered wild food
All had different technologies in their camps
Had different kinds of buildings in camps
Two groups moved seasonally while one didn’t
Describe how geography effects identity.
You grow up with the land. A person from Saskatchewan might not be as good of a swimmer as a person from B.C. because there aren’t as many lakes in Saskatchewan then there are in B.C.
How did the Mi’kmaq make decisions?
The Saqamaw elder and Grand Council made decisions.
How did the Anishnabe make decisions?
The Ogimauh was the leader
The Midewin Society helped make decisions
Dodems divided roles
How did the Haudenosaunee make decisions?
Hoyaneh is the leader
Clan Mothers advised Hoyaneh
Grand Council also helped make decisions
What was a Mi’kmaq woman’s role in decision making?
Woman could sit in at meetings but had no say
What was an Anishnabe woman’s role in decision making?
Men and women where treated equally
Woman could be in Midewin Society
What was an Haudenosaunee woman’s role in decision making?
Clan Mothers advised Hoyaneh with decisions and problems
What was a Mi’kmaq man’s role in decision making?
Men helped make decisions
Saqamaw and Council of Elders were all male
What was an Anishnabe man’s role in decision making?
Men helped make decisions
Ogimauh was male
Father picks the marriage
What was a Haudenosaunee man’s role in decision making?
Hoyaneh and Grand Council were male
Men had role in decision making
How did the Mi’kmaq use the land?
Used twigs and trees to build homes and snowshoes Hunted and fished locally Dug ponds to farm fish Some farming Used trees for canoes
How did the Anishnabe use the land?
Hunted and fished locally
Collected berries
Gathered wild rice
Traded for corn and beans
How did the Haudenosaunee use the land?
Trees used for houses
Hunted and fished locally
Farmed the land
What are some examples of Mi’kmaq technologies?
Tepees and snowshoes Food bins Tools for sap Drying racks Canoes
What are some examples of Anishnabe technologies?
Arrows and spears
Harpoons
Canoes
What are some examples of Haudenosaunee technologies?
Woven baskets
Drying racks
Canoes
What are 5 good qualities a good leader?
Listens to their people
Has a open heart and mind
Must remain strong, honourable, trustworthy and true
The root of leadership must be the land
Must respect everybody and lead by example
What was the name of the Mi’kmaq leader?
Saqamaw
What was the name of the Anishnabe leader?
Ogimauh
What was the name of the Haudenosaunee leader?
Hoyaneh
