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Pharmacology N2100 > Final - 4/5 > Flashcards

Final - 4/5 Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of action & classify Bethanecol

A
  • direct cholinergic agonist
  • decrease urinary retention by prompting bladder contraction
  • increase peristalsis & GI secretions
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2
Q

1 nursing consideration for Bethanechol

A

do not give IM or IV

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3
Q

mechanism of action & classification of pyridostigmine

A
  • indirect acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • treat myasthenia gravis = decrease skeletal muscle weakness & fatigue used in the military to prevent potential nerve gas effects
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4
Q

what drug is used to treat muscarinic/cholinergic crisis

A

atropine = deadly night shade plant

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5
Q

primary use of atropine

A
  • preoperative drug = decrease salivation = so pt. doesn’t aspirate
  • also: increase HR & dilate pupils
  • also: treat hypermotility of GI tract (slows peristalsis)
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6
Q

mechanism of action & classification for epinephrine

A
  • nonselective adrenergic agonist/neurotransmitter
  • intense short reaction
  • decrease allergic reaction: treat anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest
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7
Q

amount of epinephrine at the synapse effects…

A

amount of response

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8
Q

what reabsorbs/metabolizes epinephrine

A

MAO or COMT

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9
Q

what secretes epinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

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10
Q

T/F: epinephrine also acts as a hormone

A

T

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11
Q

Fact about epinephrine:

- amount present in blood at any times depends on the _____ being experiences and function of _____ _____

A

stress, adrenal medulla

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12
Q

T/F: there is never any contraindications if you can save someone’s life using epinephrine

A

T

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13
Q

interactions of epineprhine

A
  1. beta-blockers

2. alpha adrenergic blockers

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14
Q

What do you have to do if you are using epinephrine IV

A

you HAVE to have pt. on cardiac monitor

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15
Q

What should you always be working on when using epinephrine

A

treating the underlying cause for the reason you’re having to use epinephrine

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16
Q

mechanism of action & classification of Albuterol

A
  • selective beta2-adrenergic agonist

- treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD

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17
Q

mechanism of action & classification of phenylephrine

A
  • alpha adrenergic agonist

- treat nasal decongestion, treats hypotension

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18
Q

is phenylephrine appropriate for hypertension

A

No! It treats hypotension

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19
Q

mechanism of action & classification of Prazosin

A
  • alpha adrenergic antagonist

- control HTN, treat BPH, refractory CHF

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20
Q

2 nursing considerations for Prazosin

A
  1. 1st dose effects: creates significant drop on BP the 1st time pt. takes it
  2. hold med if systolic < 100
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21
Q

mechanism of actions & classification of Propranolol

A
  • nonselective beta adrenergic blocker

- control HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina, MI

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22
Q

2 nursing considerations for Proranolol

A
  1. should ween off slowly

2. hold med if systolic < 100, pulse < 60

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23
Q

mechanism of action of acetaminophen (tylenol)

A

reduction of fever & pain

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24
Q

does tylenol treat inflammation

A

no

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25
Q

2 contraindications with acetominophen

A
  1. sever liver or kidney disease

2. alcoholism

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26
Q

2 interactions with tylenol

A
  1. increase effect c caffeine

2. alcohol increases hepatotoxicity

27
Q

side effects of tylenol

A
  • A, N, V, D
  • severe hypoglycemia
  • renal failure
  • oliguria
  • dizziness
  • lethargy
  • chills
  • abdominal pain
28
Q

what medication is most likely used if pt. is allergic to aspirin

A

acetaminophen

29
Q

what is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose

A

acetylcysteine

30
Q

acetaminophen intoxication is most damaging to the ____

A

liver

31
Q

3 things to look for in pt. taking acetaminophen

A
  1. alcohol use
  2. jaundice
  3. difference in stool/urine color
32
Q

mechanism of action of aspirin

A
  • reduced pain, inflammation & fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; prevent platelet aggregation = decrease clotting by making platelets “slippery”
33
Q

contraindication of aspirin

A

pregnancy

34
Q

common side effect with aspirin

A

tinnitus (because of effects of prostaglandins on stomach)

35
Q

aspirin + alcohol =

A

GI bleeding

36
Q

aspirin + ibuprofen =

A

GI side effects

37
Q

aspirin + tylenol =

A

nephrotoxicity

38
Q

aspirin + caffeine =

A

anacin: increased absorption rate of aspirin = helps work better

39
Q

one important nursing consideration for aspirin

A

avoid giving children aspirin if suspected to have cold, flu, or fever

40
Q

Mechanism of action of ibuprofen

A

reduction of inflammation, pain, & fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

41
Q

4 contraindications of ibuprofen

A
  1. alcohol
  2. other NSAIDS
  3. steroids = increase GI side effects
  4. pregnancy
42
Q

side effect of ibuprofen

A

GI bleeding

43
Q

what can happen if you overdose on ibuprofen

A

renal failure

44
Q

important nursing consideration/pt. teaching for ibuprofen

A

stop 7-14 days before surgery

45
Q

mechanism of action of celecoxib

A

reduction of inflammation, pain, & fever, and also used for arthritis

46
Q

side effects of celecoxib

A
  • MI

- stroke

47
Q

mechanism of action of morphine

A

asthma c respiratory depression, increased ICP, head injury, shock

48
Q

side effects of morphine

A
  • pruritis
  • resp. depression
  • increased ICP
  • constipation
  • N, V
49
Q

antidote for morphine

A

narcan (nalaxone)

50
Q

should you push IV narcotics (morphine) quickly or slowly

A

slowly!

51
Q

2 nursing considerations for morphine

A
  1. hold med if RR < 12

2. report to MD if RR < 10

52
Q

mechanism of action of nalaxone

A

reverse ALL effects of narcotics/opioids (including therapeutic effects)

53
Q

mechanism of action of tramadol

A

has weak opioid activity

- prevents norepinephrine & serotonin reuptake = blocks pain transmission for moderate pain relief

54
Q

what schedule is tramadol

A

IV

55
Q

2 nursing considerations/pt. teaching for tramadol

A
  1. can be fatal = do not use in those who are suicidal

2. alcohol can cause death with this drug

56
Q

mechanism of action of sumatriptan

A

serotonin agonist

- antimigraine by constricting cranial blood vessels (causes intracranial vasoconstriction)

57
Q

contraindications of sumatriptan

A
  • MAOIs & SSRIs (do not use within 14 days)
58
Q

side effects of sumatriptan

A
  • tingling

- warm or cold sensation

59
Q

2 nursing considerations for sumatriptan

A
  1. can not use SQ > 2 injections in 24 hours & they must be atleast 1 hr apart
  2. so not take within 14 days of surgery
60
Q

mechanism of action of colchicine

A
  • acute gout attacks

- prevents inflammation process from reacting to crystals

61
Q

what is the cochicine dose for acute attacks

A

1.2 mg po then 0.6 mg qh until pain is resolved (max: 18 mg/h)

62
Q

mechanism of action for allopurinol

A
  • gout treatment

- blocks the action of xanthine oxidase = prevents formation of uric acid = lowers serum uric acid levels

63
Q

3 nursing considerations for allopurinol

A
  1. avoid foods c legumes, salmon, & mushrooms
  2. take with food
  3. increase fluid intake 2-4 liters per day
64
Q

is allopurinol safe during pregnancy

A

no!

Pharmacology N2100 (26 decks)

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