Final - 4/5 Flashcards
mechanism of action & classify Bethanecol
- direct cholinergic agonist
- decrease urinary retention by prompting bladder contraction
- increase peristalsis & GI secretions
1 nursing consideration for Bethanechol
do not give IM or IV
mechanism of action & classification of pyridostigmine
- indirect acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- treat myasthenia gravis = decrease skeletal muscle weakness & fatigue used in the military to prevent potential nerve gas effects
what drug is used to treat muscarinic/cholinergic crisis
atropine = deadly night shade plant
primary use of atropine
- preoperative drug = decrease salivation = so pt. doesn’t aspirate
- also: increase HR & dilate pupils
- also: treat hypermotility of GI tract (slows peristalsis)
mechanism of action & classification for epinephrine
- nonselective adrenergic agonist/neurotransmitter
- intense short reaction
- decrease allergic reaction: treat anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest
amount of epinephrine at the synapse effects…
amount of response
what reabsorbs/metabolizes epinephrine
MAO or COMT
what secretes epinephrine
adrenal medulla
T/F: epinephrine also acts as a hormone
T
Fact about epinephrine:
- amount present in blood at any times depends on the _____ being experiences and function of _____ _____
stress, adrenal medulla
T/F: there is never any contraindications if you can save someone’s life using epinephrine
T
interactions of epineprhine
- beta-blockers
2. alpha adrenergic blockers
What do you have to do if you are using epinephrine IV
you HAVE to have pt. on cardiac monitor
What should you always be working on when using epinephrine
treating the underlying cause for the reason you’re having to use epinephrine
mechanism of action & classification of Albuterol
- selective beta2-adrenergic agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD
mechanism of action & classification of phenylephrine
- alpha adrenergic agonist
- treat nasal decongestion, treats hypotension
is phenylephrine appropriate for hypertension
No! It treats hypotension
mechanism of action & classification of Prazosin
- alpha adrenergic antagonist
- control HTN, treat BPH, refractory CHF
2 nursing considerations for Prazosin
- 1st dose effects: creates significant drop on BP the 1st time pt. takes it
- hold med if systolic < 100
mechanism of actions & classification of Propranolol
- nonselective beta adrenergic blocker
- control HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina, MI
2 nursing considerations for Proranolol
- should ween off slowly
2. hold med if systolic < 100, pulse < 60
mechanism of action of acetaminophen (tylenol)
reduction of fever & pain
does tylenol treat inflammation
no
2 contraindications with acetominophen
- sever liver or kidney disease
2. alcoholism
2 interactions with tylenol
- increase effect c caffeine
2. alcohol increases hepatotoxicity
side effects of tylenol
- A, N, V, D
- severe hypoglycemia
- renal failure
- oliguria
- dizziness
- lethargy
- chills
- abdominal pain
what medication is most likely used if pt. is allergic to aspirin
acetaminophen
what is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose
acetylcysteine
acetaminophen intoxication is most damaging to the ____
liver
3 things to look for in pt. taking acetaminophen
- alcohol use
- jaundice
- difference in stool/urine color
mechanism of action of aspirin
- reduced pain, inflammation & fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; prevent platelet aggregation = decrease clotting by making platelets “slippery”
contraindication of aspirin
pregnancy
common side effect with aspirin
tinnitus (because of effects of prostaglandins on stomach)
aspirin + alcohol =
GI bleeding
aspirin + ibuprofen =
GI side effects
aspirin + tylenol =
nephrotoxicity
aspirin + caffeine =
anacin: increased absorption rate of aspirin = helps work better
one important nursing consideration for aspirin
avoid giving children aspirin if suspected to have cold, flu, or fever
Mechanism of action of ibuprofen
reduction of inflammation, pain, & fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
4 contraindications of ibuprofen
- alcohol
- other NSAIDS
- steroids = increase GI side effects
- pregnancy
side effect of ibuprofen
GI bleeding
what can happen if you overdose on ibuprofen
renal failure
important nursing consideration/pt. teaching for ibuprofen
stop 7-14 days before surgery
mechanism of action of celecoxib
reduction of inflammation, pain, & fever, and also used for arthritis
side effects of celecoxib
- MI
- stroke
mechanism of action of morphine
asthma c respiratory depression, increased ICP, head injury, shock
side effects of morphine
- pruritis
- resp. depression
- increased ICP
- constipation
- N, V
antidote for morphine
narcan (nalaxone)
should you push IV narcotics (morphine) quickly or slowly
slowly!
2 nursing considerations for morphine
- hold med if RR < 12
2. report to MD if RR < 10
mechanism of action of nalaxone
reverse ALL effects of narcotics/opioids (including therapeutic effects)
mechanism of action of tramadol
has weak opioid activity
- prevents norepinephrine & serotonin reuptake = blocks pain transmission for moderate pain relief
what schedule is tramadol
IV
2 nursing considerations/pt. teaching for tramadol
- can be fatal = do not use in those who are suicidal
2. alcohol can cause death with this drug
mechanism of action of sumatriptan
serotonin agonist
- antimigraine by constricting cranial blood vessels (causes intracranial vasoconstriction)
contraindications of sumatriptan
- MAOIs & SSRIs (do not use within 14 days)
side effects of sumatriptan
- tingling
- warm or cold sensation
2 nursing considerations for sumatriptan
- can not use SQ > 2 injections in 24 hours & they must be atleast 1 hr apart
- so not take within 14 days of surgery
mechanism of action of colchicine
- acute gout attacks
- prevents inflammation process from reacting to crystals
what is the cochicine dose for acute attacks
1.2 mg po then 0.6 mg qh until pain is resolved (max: 18 mg/h)
mechanism of action for allopurinol
- gout treatment
- blocks the action of xanthine oxidase = prevents formation of uric acid = lowers serum uric acid levels
3 nursing considerations for allopurinol
- avoid foods c legumes, salmon, & mushrooms
- take with food
- increase fluid intake 2-4 liters per day
is allopurinol safe during pregnancy
no!
