FINAL 4

Question 1

Aggressive Cues

Answer 1

stimuli that can provoke aggressive behavior, such as insults, threats, or physical violence

Question 2

Bartholow (2004) Study:

Answer 2

Hunters vs. Non-hunters.

Assault rifles linked to aggression by both.

Hunting rifles linked to aggression only by non-hunters.

Question 3

Frank & Gilovich (1988) Study

Answer 3

Scope: Examined penalty records from 1970 to 1985 for NFL and NHL teams.

Findings: Teams with dark uniforms penalized more in all but one season.

Question 4

Ostracism

Answer 4

Being excluded, rejected, and ignored by others

Question 5

Kip Williams

Answer 5

loser who got excluded from frisbee as a kid - turned out to be a social psychologist
Made the game cyber ball

Question 6

Eisenberger et al. (2003)

Answer 6

Ps rejected (via Cyberball paradigm) while in fMRI machine

Rejection activates same brain area (dACC) as does physical pain!

Question 7

DeWall et al. (2010)

Answer 7

I.V. tylenol vs. placebo (every day for 3 weeks)
Ps given fMRI scan while playing Cyberball
Placebo: high dACC activation
Tylenol: no dACC activation
Essentially ppl who took tylenol didnt feel the heartbreak pain el o el

Question 8

Williams (2007)

Answer 8

Believed that social exclusion involves a 2 step process

1. Automatic Response: This is an automatic, uncontrollable response to social exclusion, where everyone experiences social pain.
2. Controlled Cognitive Appraisal: This is where individuals consciously evaluate and interpret the situation.

Question 9

Warburton et al. Study on Rejection and Aggression

Answer 9

Game of Catch:
Exclusion Condition: Participants included for first 3 throws, then ignored for 4 minutes.

Inclusion Condition: Participants consistently included, receiving 1/3 of the throws.

Findings:
Exclusion + No Control: Participants in this group gave the most hot sauce.
Situational Influence: Feeling of control affects aggressive responses to rejection.

Question 10

Graham & Wells (2001)

Answer 10

Observed 117 aggressive incidents at bars in London, Ont.

More alcohol = more aggression (esp. severe physical)

Question 11

Why Does Alcohol Increase Aggression?

Answer 11

Causes changes in thought, perception, and interpretation

Question 12

Alcohol Myopia

Answer 12

the tendency for alcohol consumption to cause a narrowing of attention

Question 13

Taylor (1967)

Answer 13

Purpose: To determine the effect of alcohol on aggressive behavior in a controlled experimental setting.

findings: Drunk participants consistently acted more aggressively compared to others - sober

Question 14

Reifman et al. (1991)

Answer 14

Purpose: To examine the effect of high temperatures on aggressive behavior in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers.

Findings
Aggression Increase: Pitchers hit nearly twice as many batters in games where the temperature exceeded 90°F.

Question 15

Culture of Honor

Answer 15

Cultures in which male violence seen as socially acceptable

Question 16

Cohen et al., 1996

Answer 16

Purpose: illustrate cultural differences in aggressive responses to a threat

Southerners showed significantly higher levels of anger (measured through testosterone levels) when confronted and insulted compared to Northerners.