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PT Passive Care > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which fluid is contained by joint capsule, feels like a water balloon, and moves when palpated then returns?

A

joint effusion

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2
Q

Which fluid is in the interstitial space, and when you press on tissue with finger a dent remains

A

edema

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3
Q

What does PRICES stand for?

A

Protect, Rest, Ice Compress, Elevate, Support

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4
Q

Wraps should be done which direction?

A

distal to proximal

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5
Q

In addition to PRICES, what other modalities could you add to the acute treatment?

A

Pulsed US, Laser, TENS (sensory level- IF, Premod, HiVolt)

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6
Q

What is the treatment time for intermittent compression?

A

10-30 minutes, up to 3 or 4 hours

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7
Q

Intermittent compression can be combined with?

A

cooling

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8
Q

Athletic tape stretches in _____ minutes.

A

20-30

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9
Q

Bracing may _______ muscle action.

A

inhibit

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10
Q

When structural and functional integrity of the joint is not severely compromised, ________ is better for ambulatory aids.

A

weight-bearing

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11
Q

For fitting crutches, the crutch tip should be?

A

6 inches from outer margin of shoe, 2 inches in front of shoe

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12
Q

For fitting crutches, the arm brace should be?

A

1-2 inches below anterior axillary fold

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13
Q

For fitting crutches, the hand brace should be?

A

elbow flexed to 30 degrees

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14
Q

What are the risks of improper use or fit of crutches

A

abnormal stresses, l(umbar/pelvic subluxation, low back strain, hip strain) crutch palsy (pressure on axillary nerve and vessels, temporary or permanent numbness)

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15
Q

For a tripod gait, the crutch tips move ______ inches ahead of feet.

A

15-Dec

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16
Q

Which tripod gait is faster?

A

Swing-through

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17
Q

Which tripod gait requires more coordination?

A

Swing-through

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18
Q

Which tripod gait is easier?

A

Swing-to

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19
Q

Tripod gait, partial weight bearing is aka?

A

four-point

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20
Q

In a four-point gait, the _________ leg and crutches move forward together.

A

affected

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21
Q

What is the preferred gait for going up and down stairs with crutches?

A

handrail

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22
Q

Going up stairs on crutches with a handrail stair gait, the _________ leg steps first, followed by _________.

A

unaffected leg, follow with crutches and involved leg

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23
Q

Going down stairs on crutches with a handrail stair gait, what is the order?

A

crutches first, then affected leg, then unaffected leg

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24
Q

What is the order for tripod stair gait when going up stairs with crutches?

A

step up with unaffected leg, crutches and affected leg follow

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25
Q

What is the order for tripod stair gait when going down stairs with crutches?

A

crutches and affected leg step down first, unaffected leg follows

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26
Q

Where does a properly sized cane line up?

A

superior aspect of greater trochanter

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27
Q

Cane is used on ________ side of involvement

A

opposite

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28
Q

Cane moves ______ the involved side

A

with

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29
Q

What does TLSO stand for?

A

Thoraco Lumbo Sacral Orthosis

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30
Q

What does CTLSO stand for?

A

Cervico Thoraco Lumbo Sacral Orthosis

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31
Q

What type of brace is a Boston brace?

A

TLSO

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32
Q

Boston brace is aka

A

under arm brace

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33
Q

What kind of curve is a Boston Brace used for?

A

thoracolumbar scoliosis

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34
Q

How long is a Boston Brace worn for?

A

at least 23 hours a day

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35
Q

What type of brace is a Milwaukee brace?

A

CTLSO

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36
Q

The Milwaukee brace is similar to the Boston brace except?

A

includes a neck ring held in place by vertical bars attached to the body of the brace

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37
Q

How long is a Milwaukee brace worn?

A

at least 23 hours a day

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38
Q

How long is a Charleston brace worn?

A

only at night during sleeping hours

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39
Q

What is a Jewett brace?

A

for spinal fractures, TLSO, hyperextension

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40
Q

What is a Voigt-Bahler brace?

A

for spinal fractures, TLSO, hyperextension

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41
Q

Trochanteric/Sacroiliac belts support _____________

A

SI joints and pelvis (force closure of joints)

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42
Q

What patients may benefit from trochanteric/Sacroiliac belts?

A

pregnant and post-partum females with SI joint pain

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43
Q

Sacroiliac belts causes gapping of SI joints if worn _________

A

over trochanters

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44
Q

There is weak evidence that lumbar supports may do what?

A

reduce risk of re-injury for low back injuries

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45
Q

Should lumbar supports be used to protect the low backs of workers who have not been injured?

A

no- may cause more severe injury

46
Q

What are some risks associated with lumbar supports?

A

for those who haven’t been injured, may risk more severe injury, increased blood pressure, may give people the impression that they can lift more, some may have worse biomechanics

47
Q

Should lumbar supports be used long-term?

A

no

48
Q

Before recommending a lumbar support, what should the patient be screened for?

A

cardiovascular risk

49
Q

Knee bracing protects from what kind of blows?

A

lateral

50
Q

Bracing ______ hamstring reflexes

A

slows

51
Q

Elastic taping _______ hamstring reflexes

A

improves

52
Q

Both neoprene sleeves and rigid braces appear to improve __________

A

proprioception in patients with deficits

53
Q

What is a Cho-Pat brace used for

A

knee- osgood-schlatters

54
Q

When is a walking boot used

A

fracture, severe sprain, post surgical

55
Q

Ankle stirrup allows what movements? What movements does it inhibit?

A

allows flexion/extension, not inversion/eversion

56
Q

What is a Strassburg sock used for?

A

plantar fasciitis

57
Q

Which type of cervical collar is appropriate for someone with a suspected neck fracture?

A

philidephia

58
Q

Which type of cervical collar is appropriate for someone following sprain/strain injuries

A

soft cervical

59
Q

What are some indications for massage?

A

superficial adhesions, circulatory stasis, congestions, edema, myalgia, tension headaches

60
Q

What are some contraindications for massage?

A

arteriosclerosis, thrombosis/embolism, severe varicosities, cellulitis, synovitis, abscesses and skin infections, acute inflammatory conditions

61
Q

Effleurage is performed ________ the orientation of the fibers of the targeted muscle tissue

A

in parallel with

62
Q

Effleurage is applied with

A

palm of hand or flats of fingers

63
Q

Long stroking motions is associated with what type of massage

A

eflleurage

64
Q

Kneading the muscle with one or both hands is associated with what type of massage

A

petrissage

65
Q

Tapotement is?

A

series of rapid blows (massage)

66
Q

Manual vibration is performed _________ the orientation of the targeted muscle fibers

A

perpendicular

67
Q

What are some types of mechanical vibratory devices

A

G5, Genie Rub, Thumber

68
Q

What frequency mechanical vibration should be used to relax spasticity or decrease trigger points?

A

high

69
Q

What frequency mechanical vibration should be used to decrease congestion, edema, or stasis?

A

low

70
Q

What are the treatment times for vibratory massage for trigger points?

A

6-8 minutes (1 minute per point)

71
Q

What is the treatment time for vibratory massage for muscle relaxation?

A

up to 10 minutes

72
Q

What is the treatment time for vibratory massage for postural drainage

A

up to 15 minutes

73
Q

What is the treatment time for vibratory massage for general body relaxation

A

5 minutes

74
Q

What name is associated with cross-friction massage

A

James Cyriax

75
Q

Cross-friction massage is used over

A

ligaments, tendons, muscles

76
Q

What is cross-friction massage used to do

A

loosen scar tissue and adhesions, aid in absorption of local edema, mobilize ligaments, tendons, scars, restore mobility

77
Q

What are some examples of positional traction?

A

knee to chest, side lying on a roll to open an IVF

78
Q

What are the theoretical physiologic effects of traction?

A

encourages spinal mobility, enhances intersegmental mobility, change in overall spine length, change in intervertebral space, decrease pain, parasthesia, decrease pressure on structures

79
Q

What are the physiologic effects of traction on ligaments?

A

activation of proprioceptors to decrease pain, restoration of normal length

80
Q

What are the physiologic effects of traction on discs?

A

decreased discal pressure, imbibition of disc for proper nutrition, unstable reduction of herniation

81
Q

What are the physiologic effects of traction on facet joints?

A

increases separation, decompression, proprioceptive discharge may decrease pain

82
Q

What are the physiologic effects of traction on musculature?

A

stretching, improve blood flow, activation of proprioceptors

83
Q

What are the physiologic effects of traction on nerves?

A

decrease compression, improved blood supply to nerve tissue, decrease of inflammatory products

84
Q

What is more tolerable to the patient- intermittent or sustained traction?

A

intermittent, tolerable both at higher forces and for longer duration

85
Q

Which allows more decompression of disc- intermittent or sustained traction?

A

sustained

86
Q

Which has shorter treatment times- intermittent or sustained traction?

A

intermittent

87
Q

What is the traction phase for short phase intermittent traction?

A

less than 10 seconds

88
Q

What is the traction phase for long phase intermittent traction?

A

more than 10 seconds

89
Q

What are the indications for spinal traction?

A

disc protrusion, disc herniation/prolapse, nerve root impingement, spondylolisthesis, joint hypomobility, arthritis conditions of facet joints, mechanically produced muscle spasm, joint pain, scoliosis

90
Q

What are some contraindications for spinal traction?

A

fractures, joint instability or hypermobility, tumors, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, bone and joint infections, osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, vertebral artery occlucion, pregnancy (cervical is ok), hiatal hernia and abdominal hernia, displaced disc fragment and cord compression

91
Q

What are some precautions for spinal traction?

A

acute spinal conditions, hypertension and respiratory disease, spinal surgery, dentures (cervical pulley only), breathing problems (lumbar only)

92
Q

What is the patient position for mechanical lumbar traction?

A

2 harness, pelvic and thoracic, patient with hips/knees flexed

93
Q

How much force is used with mechanical lumbar traction?

A

30-60% of body weight

94
Q

What is the treatment time for mechanical lumbar traction?

A

10-30 min

95
Q

What is a Saunders device?

A

harness for mechanical cervical traction

96
Q

What should the head/neck angle be for cervical traction?

A

neutral to 30 degrees flexion

97
Q

How much force is used with cervical traction?

A

20-30% of body weight

98
Q

How much weight should you begin with for cervical traction?

A

15-25 pounds

99
Q

What is the max tolerance for cervical traction?

A

usually 40-50 pounds

100
Q

Is inversion recommended?

A

no

101
Q

What are the contraindications and precautions for inversion?

A

heart disease, hypertension, glaucoma, sinus infections and asthma, migraines, detached retina

102
Q

What are the stages of the death and dying model

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

103
Q

How applicable is the death and dying model for athletic injury?

A

not good

104
Q

Cognitive Appraisal Models of pain state that response to injury depends on?

A

understanding of the injury

105
Q

What is the purpose of pain?

A

warns of impending injury, essential for survival, protects the body, signifies something is wrong, limits further injury

106
Q

Which mechanoreceptors are associated with pressure and touch

A

meissners corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles

107
Q

Which mechanoreceptors are associated with skin stretch/pressure?

A

Merkle cells, Ruffini endings

108
Q

What proprioceptors are associated with change in muscle length and spindle tension

A

Golgi Tendon organs

109
Q

Which proprioceptors are associated with change in joint position

A

pacinian corpuscles

110
Q

Which proprioceptors are associated with joint end range

A

Ruffini endings

PT Passive Care (8 decks)

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