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A&P Circulation & Life > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Where older RBCs may be destroyed

A

spleen

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1
Q

Origin of immunoglobulin

A

B-cell (NOT the T-cells)

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2
Q

how lymph moves through lymphatic vessels

A

muscular activity

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3
Q

organs of the upper respiratory tract are located

A

outside the thorax

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4
Q

where is the glottis located

A

the space between the vocal cords

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5
Q

size and structure of the lungs

A

right lung - 3 lobes

left lung - 2 lobes

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6
Q

what secretion neutralizes acidic semen

A

secretions of the prostate gland

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7
Q

oxytosin

A

causes “let down” of milk in mammary glands

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8
Q

describe the structure and contents of a mature RBC

A

biconcave and lack a nuclei

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9
Q

be able to recognize agranulocytes by name

A

monocytes & lymphocytes

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10
Q

the normal range for WBCs in an adult

A

5,000 - 10,000

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11
Q

the primary function of lymphocytes

A

act against foreign substances

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12
Q

what cells among leukocytes are the most phagocytic

A

neutrophils and monocytes

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13
Q

the plasma electrolytes that are the most abundant

A

sodium & chloride ions

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14
Q

hypochromic anemia

A

anemia caused by a lack of dietary iron

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15
Q

Why do patients with leukemia have a tendency to bleed?

A

deficiency of platelets

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16
Q

two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks

A

right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct

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17
Q

What causes the formation of lymph in the lymph capillaries to increase?

A

increase in hydrostatic pressure in the tissue fluid

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18
Q

hilum

A

the region in a lymph node where blood vessels pass through

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19
Q

An example of specific body defense mechanism

A

immunity

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20
Q

the most phagocytic cells found in circulating blood

A

neutrophils & monocytes

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21
Q

hemostasis

A

describes the stoppage of bleeding by one of several means

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22
Q

biliverdin

A

the greenish pigment that is formed when hemoglobin decomposes

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23
Q

Where are RBCs primarily produced

A

red bone marrow

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24
Q

What is needed for DNA formation in the RBC

A

vitamin B12 & folic acid

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25
Q

leukopenia

A

low WBC count (below 4,000)

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26
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone providing negative feedback - promotes production of RBC

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27
Q

the most common type of leukocyte in blood sample

A

neutrophils

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28
Q

differential WBC count

A

the part of the WBC count that gives the percentages of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample

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29
Q

albumin

A

most abundant of plasma proteins (help maintain osmotic pressure)

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30
Q

blood clot inhibiting substance released by basophils

A

heparin

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31
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of platelets

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32
Q

pus is composed of

A

leukocytes, bacteria, & damaged body cells

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33
Q

lymphatic vessels are similar to what other vessels, in structure

A

veins

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34
Q

T-lymphocytes are responsible for?

A

cell-mediated immunity

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35
Q

What type of immunity occurs when you have had the disease?

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

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36
Q

Normal immune response requires

A

T-cells & B-cells

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37
Q

In an autoimmune disease, what is the immune response directed toward?

A

self-substances

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38
Q

What may occur if lymphatic tissue is removed from an axillary region?

A

edema

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39
Q

memory cell

A

Following a primary immune response, the B-cells & T-cells remain dormant but respond to antigens in the future.

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40
Q

the substance that stimulates a primary immune response without producing the symptoms of a disease

A

vaccine

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41
Q

pericardium

A

the loose-fitting sac around the heart

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42
Q

tissue of the SA node

A

self-exciting tissue

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43
Q

Why do plasma proteins remain in the blood capillaries

A

to maintain osmotic pressure

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44
Q

angina pectoris

A

pain caused by an obstruction or narrowing in an artery to the heart

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45
Q

microorganisms trapped in the sticky mucus are most likely destroyed how/where

A

by digestive action of gastric juices in stomach

46
Q

capillaries

A

blood vessels thin enough to allow exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid

47
Q

pericardial cavity

A

potential space between parietal and visceral membranes

48
Q

artery that supply blood to the myocardium

A

coronary artery

49
Q

the heart chamber that receives blood from the vena cava

A

right atrium

50
Q

location of iliac arteries

A

the brim of the pelvis down from the aorta

51
Q

function of coronary sinus

A

drains blood from the wall of the heart

52
Q

circulatory circuit where aorta is located

A

systemic

53
Q

longest vein in the body

A

the great saphenous

54
Q

the blood vessel that transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

pulmonary vein

55
Q

the chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

56
Q

blood vessel that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

57
Q

what supplies the force for normal expiration

A

contraction of smooth muscles in the passages

58
Q

percentage of oxygen in room air

A

21%

59
Q

location of vocal cords

A

larynx

60
Q

what supplies the force for air to move into the lungs during inspiration

A

atmospheric pressure

61
Q

what happens to the respiratory rate if CO2 increases

A

increased breathing rate

62
Q

muscles most helpful for forced expiration

A

abdominal wall

63
Q

the process when gases exchange places in the lungs

A

diffusion

64
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by

A

a deficiency of surfactant

65
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural cavity

66
Q

what happens to CO2 and pH concentration during hyperventilation

A

CO2 decreases & pH increases

67
Q

what holds the visceral and parietal membranes together

A

surface tension

68
Q

the potential space between the pleural membranes

A

pleural cavity

69
Q

the serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of a lung

A

visceral pleura

70
Q

disease that may originate from epithelial cells of the lung

A

cancer

71
Q

partial pressure

A

the pressure created by each gas within a mixture of gases

72
Q

receptors of the inflation reflex are most sensitive to what action

A

stretch

73
Q

undifferentiated spermatogenic cells

A

spermatogonia

74
Q

hormone responsible for development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics

A

testosterone

75
Q

term for the tubular portion of the uterus

A

cervix

76
Q

female structure corresponds to the male penis

A

clitoris

77
Q

the para nasal sinuses

A

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, & maxillary

78
Q

cells in testis that produce male sex hormones

A

interstitial cells

79
Q

fetal stage of development begins?

A

end of the 8th week

80
Q

epididymis

A

tightly coiled tube leads to the vas defrens

81
Q

androgens

A

male sex hormones

82
Q

where is the endometrium located

A

the inner most layer of the uterus

83
Q

where is testicular cancer most likely to originate

A

epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules

84
Q

test to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix

A

Pap smear

85
Q

Provides the main source of energy for a newborn during the first few days

A

fat

86
Q

where do the tissues originate for the placenta

A

the mother and the embryo

87
Q

The cells of a blastocyst that give rise to the body of the developing offspring

A

inner cell mass

88
Q

vessel that transports blood rich oxygen and nutrients to the fetus

A

the umbilical vein

89
Q

purpose of the ductus arteriosus

A

take blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

90
Q

How do drugs taken by a pregnant woman reach her fetus?

A

the placental membrane

91
Q

teratogens

A

factors that cause congenital malformations

92
Q

symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

small head, facial abnormalities, & mental retardation

93
Q

substance that may increase the chance of survival of a premature fetus

A

surfactant of the respiratory system

94
Q

blood vessels in the umbilical cord

A

2 arteries & 1 vein

95
Q

what allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs

A

the foramen ovale through the atrial septum

96
Q

zygote

A

the first cell of an offspring

97
Q

the number of chromosomes in a human zygote

A

46

98
Q

parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

99
Q

hyperventilation

A

prolonged and rapid deep breathing

100
Q

ischemia of the heart

A

angina pectoris

101
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the valves of the heart

102
Q

atrial diastole

A

ventricular contraction

103
Q

fast heart beat

A

tachycardia

104
Q

slow heart beat

A

bradycardia

105
Q

atrial systole

A

atrial contraction

106
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the membranes surrounding the heart

107
Q

antigens

A

the foreign or “non-self” protein marker on cells that trigger immune responses

108
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

distribution of electricity to the papillary muscle of ventricles

109
Q

Heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

110
Q

ECG

A

measures electrical activity of the heart

111
Q

Foramen ovale

A

tube in atrial septum through which blood bypasses lungs in fetus

112
Q

Pons

A

area of brainstem where respiratory centers are located along with the medulla oblongata

A&P Circulation & Life (6 decks)

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