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A&P Circulation & Life > Chapter 19 & 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 & 20 Flashcards

0
Q

pregnancy

A

the condition characterized by the presence of a developing embryo within the uterus

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1
Q

Why must a newborn’s first breath be forceful?

A

to make surface tension release to inflate the lungs

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2
Q

embryonic membrane that forms blood cells and gives rise to cells destined to become sex cells

A

yoke sac

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3
Q

cleavage

A

period of development where the contents of a zygote is divided into smaller and smaller cells

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4
Q

surfactant

A

the substance that functions to decrease surface tension within a newborn’s lungs

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5
Q

embryo when it is clearly recognizable as a human being

A

fetus

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6
Q

Chorionic villi

A

slender projections that grow into the uterine wall

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7
Q

chromosomes in a human zygote

A

46

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8
Q

zygote

A

the first cell of an offspring

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9
Q

when can external reproductive organs be distinguished on a developing fetus

A

12 weeks

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10
Q

requirement for development of dizygotic twins

A

two eggs & two sperm

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11
Q

drugs pass to a fetus through

A

the placental membrane

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12
Q

this gives a premature infant an increased chance of surviving

A

enough surfactant in the respiratory system

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13
Q

Teratogens

A

the factors that cause congenital malformations

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14
Q

the placenta forms from

A

the mother and the embryo

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15
Q

blastocysts

A

constitute the inner cell mass of a developing embryo

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16
Q

function of the ductus arteriosus

A

take blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

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17
Q

chromosomes normal males have

A

X & Y

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18
Q

area in fetal circulation that is relatively high in oxygen and nutrients

A

ductus venosus

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19
Q

how does oxygen and nutrient rich blood reach the fetus from the placenta

A

the umbilical vein

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20
Q

symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

facial abnormalities & mental retardation

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21
Q

blood vessels in the umbilical cord

A

2 arteries & 1 vein

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22
Q

main source of energy for newborn in first few days after birth

A

fat stores

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23
Q

newborn’s metabolic rate and O2 consumption after birth

A

they both increase

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24
Q

structure/cells included in the placental membrane

A

double layer of epithelial cells

25
Q

duration of the fetal stage during gestation

A

end of the 8th week until birth

26
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin comes from

A

the embryo

27
Q

function of foramen ovale

A

through the atrial septum from right atrium to left atrium

28
Q

True or False - Some factors that stimulate a newborn’s first breath are increasing CO2, low pH, decreasing body temperature and mechanical stimulation.

A

True

29
Q

the amount of testosterone produced is regulated by

A

negative feedback

30
Q

increase of hormone LH @ approximately day 14 of menstrual cycle causes what

A

ovulation

31
Q

Function of oxytosin

A

let down of milk

32
Q

FSH stimulates what

A

the primordial follicle to start the maturation process

33
Q

secretions of the prostate accomplish?

A

neutralize the acidic semen

34
Q

aids the movement of the egg down the uterine tube

A

peristaltic contractions and ciliary action

35
Q

tubular portion of the uterus

A

cervix

36
Q

what is the concentration of estrogen and progesterone when menstrual flow occurs

A

they are low

37
Q

testicular cancer most often originates from

A

the epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules

38
Q

cells that produce sex hormones in the testes

A

interstitial cells

39
Q

why women athletes sometimes experience menstrual cycle disturbances

A

decreased synthesis of estrogen

40
Q

Pap smear and its function

A

scrapping of the inside of the cervix to detect the presence of abnormal cells

41
Q

testosterone responsible for

A

the development & maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics

42
Q

spermatogenesis and what happens during meiosis

A

after meiosis you get 4 sperm cells with 23 chromosomes each

43
Q

female structure corresponds to the male penis

A

clitoris

44
Q

estrogen mainly responsible for

A

the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

45
Q

layers of the uterus

A

endometrium - the inner most layer
myometrium
ectometrium

46
Q

spermatogonia

A

undifferentiated spermatogenic cells

47
Q

secondary oocyte

A

a primary oocyte that has undergone meiosis can produce a zygote

48
Q

epididymis

A

tightly coiled tube that leads to the vas defrens

49
Q

androgens

A

male sex hormones

50
Q

when does meiosis occur

A

spermatogenesis & oogenesis

51
Q

parturition

A

the birth process

52
Q

corpus luteum

A

following ovulation the follicular cells of the ovary will enlarge to form this structure

53
Q

hormone that stimulates female breast development

A

estrogen

54
Q

sperm cells are produced where

A

the seminiferous tubules

55
Q

orgasm

A

culmination of sexual stimulation

56
Q

oogenesis

A

the process by which egg cells are formed

57
Q

mammary glands

A

secrete milk

58
Q

cells that produce male sex hormones in the testes

A

interstitial cells

59
Q

the vulva

A

the structures of the female reproductive system that surround the opening to the urethra and vagina

60
Q

primary sex organs of the male reproductive system

A

testis

61
Q

the flagellum

A

the part of the sperm cell that enables it to swim

A&P Circulation & Life (6 decks)

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