Chapter 16 Respirtory System Flashcards
the force that holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together
surface tension
partial pressure
the pressure created by each gas in a mixture of gases
O2 percentage of “ordinary air”
21% oxygen
surfactant
the substance that is secreted by cells in the lungs to reduce surface tension
the compound formed when CO2 binds to hemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin
hyperventilation
prolonged and rapid deep breething
visceral pleura
the layer of serous membrane firmly attached to the surface of a lung
the space between the pleural membranes
pleura cavity
vital capacity
the measurement of the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible
where are the respiratory centers located
medulla and pons in the brain stem
definition of expiratory reserve volume
the amount of air the lungs can expel beyond the resting tidal volume with forced expiration
cause of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns
a lack of surfactant
what happens if blood concentration of CO2 increases
increased breathing rate
How are microorganisms destroyed when they become trapped by the sticky mucus of the airways in the lungs?
digestive action of gastric juices
Locations of paranasal sinuses
Frontal - Sphenoid - Ethmoid - Maxillary
Muscles helpful for a forceful expiration
Abdominal wall and posterior internal intercostal
carbonic anhydrase
enzyme that causes CO2 to react with water
What supplies the force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration?
atmospheric pressure
The action through which the gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries occurs
diffusion
What is responsible for the normal forces of expiration?
The force of elastic recoil.
Pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
receptors in the inflation reflex are most sensitive to
stretch
Danger of laryngitis
the swelling can obstruct the airway (larynx)
Microorganisms trapped in the mucus of the nasal cavity are most likely to be transported to what area
the stomach
Muscles involved in expanding the thorax and decreasing the pressure inside the lung during inhalation
diaphragm & external intercostal muscles
With hyperventilation what happens to CO2 and pH?
CO2 decreases & pH increases
alveoli walls are composed of what type of tissue
simple squamous epithelial
tidal volume
the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle
the vocal cords are located where
the larynx
bronchoscopy
procedure to directly examine the trachea & bronchial tree
what comprises the respiratory membrane
2 epithelial membranes and 1 basement membrane
Where is caner most likely to originate in the lungs?
the epithelial cells
which lung is larger and how many lobes does it have
the right lung is larger and has 3 lobes
the left lung is smaller with 2 lobes
what is the glottis and where is it located
the glottis is the open space between the false vocal cords and the true vocal cords in the larynx at the beginning of the tracea
the upper respiratory organs are located
outside the thorax (they are the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx)
Does CO2 or O2 combine more effectively to hemoglobin?
Carbon monoxide binds more readily to hemoglobin than oxygen. (True)
what closes when a person swallows?
the epiglottis
the parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx - Oropharynx - Laryngopharynx
