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SOC 1010 > Final 2 > Flashcards

Final 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

5 Ways the Information Revolution (The Computer) Impacts work

A
  1. Computers are deskilling labor
  2. Computers are making the work more abstract
  3. Computers limit workplace interaction
  4. Computers increase employers control of workers
  5. Computers allow companies to relocate
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3
Q

2 Characteristics of Minority Groups

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  1. Distinct Identity
  2. Subordination
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4
Q

8 Categories of Minority Groups

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  1. Race
  2. Ethnicity
  3. Religion
  4. Impoverished
  5. Gender
  6. Deviant
  7. Aged
  8. Physically Different
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5
Q

Prejudice

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A rigid and irrational generalization about a category of people

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6
Q

Stereotype

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A prejudiced description of a category of people

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7
Q

Rasicm

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The belief that one racial category is innately superior to another

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8
Q

Discrimination

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Treating various categories of people unequally

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9
Q

4 Cognitive Processes that Contribute to Prejudice

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  1. Perceptual Assimilation: Tendency to perceive members of a social group as more similar than they are in reality
  2. Contrast Effect: Overestimate the differences between social groups
  3. The Ultimate Attribution Error: Tendency to make biased attributions that favor ingroup versus the outgroup
  4. Principle of Least Effort: Tendency of people to be cognitively economical and resist change.
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10
Q

4 Patterns of Prejudice and Discrimination (Merton)

A
  1. Active Bigot: Both prejudiced and discriminate
  2. Timid Bigot: Prejudiced but does not discriminate
  3. Fair-Weather Liberal: Nonprejudiced person who does discriminate
  4. All-Weather Liberal: Nonprejudiced and does not discriminate
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11
Q

6 Patterns of Majority-Minority Interaction

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  1. Pluralism: A state in which people of all races and ehtnicities are distinct but have social parity
  2. Assimilation: The process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture (Resistance is Futile)
  3. Segregation: The physical and social separation of categories of people
    de jure segregation: Segregation by law
    de facto segregation: Segregation by fact
  4. Genocide: The systematic killing of one category of people by another
  5. Explusion: Expelling a minority group from an area or even out of a country
  6. Amalgamation: Blending together many cultures/ groups into a single new culture (Melting Pot idea)
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12
Q

3 Ways to Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination

A
  1. Establish laws against discrimination
  2. Contact between groups
    Pursue common goals
    Equal Status
    Institutional Supports
  3. Education
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13
Q

Race

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A category composed of men and women who share biologically transmitted traits (i.e. hair color) that members of society deem socially significant

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14
Q

Ethnicity

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Shared cultural heritage

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15
Q

1790 Census

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Asked about slavery

No real questions about race

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16
Q

1890 Census

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Asked about race for first time

Categories: White, Black, Mulatto, Quadroon, Octoroon, Chinese, Japanese, Indian

17
Q

2010 Census

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15 Categories

Can pick more than 1

Can “Self Define” Race

18
Q

Sex

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Biological Distinction between males and females - Males = XY - Females = XX BIOLOGICAL

19
Q

Sexual Orientation

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The manner in which people experience sexual arousal and achieve sexual pleasure Examples: Asexual, bisexual, homosexual, hetrosexual

20
Q

Gender

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The significance a society attaches to biological categories of male and female Cultural Consideration Learned

21
Q

Adrogyny

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The combination of masculine and feminine characteristics

22
Q

Gender Role

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The expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

23
Q

4 Sources of Gender Socialization

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  1. Family 2. Peer Group 3. Education 4. Mass Media
24
Q

Beauty Myth

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The belief that a “successful” woman is a woman who embraces traditional notions of femininity especially the traditional standards of physical appearance

25
Q

3 Elements of the Beauty Myth

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  1. Society teaches women to measure their importance in terms of their physical appearance yet society sets unrealistic standards of beauty 2. Men assess women’s beauty which drives women toward living to please men 3. Men are primed to seek and possess physically attractive women
26
Q

Gender Stratification

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The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between two sexes.

27
Q

Minority

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A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control over their lives than members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.

28
Q

Subordinate (?)

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Any category of people characterized by physical or cultural differences, that a society sets apart and subordinates

29
Q

Sexism

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The ideology that one sex is superior to the other

30
Q

Matrix of Domination

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The cumulative impact of oppression because of race and ethnicity, gender and social class as well as religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and citizenship status.

31
Q

% of women and men working for an income

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In 1950: 34% women, 84% men In 2010: 59% women, 71% men

32
Q

Difference in wages between men and women

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Women = $35,568 Men = $43,264 In the US, $1 earned by a male = women earn 82 cents 73 cents in Utah 90 cents in California/ Nevada

33
Q

Title IX

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Federal legislation passed in 1972 mandating equal opportunities regardless of sex in academic and athletic programs. Proportion of students that are female matches proportion of all athletes Overall budget should be proportional to proportion of females

34
Q

3 Reasons for Gender Difference in Earnings

A
  1. Type of Work - Pink Collar Occupations - Comparable work 2. Family Responsibilities 3. Discrimination Sexual harassment
35
Q

Sexual Harassment

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Comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that is deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome

36
Q

Housework

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Unpaid work of maintaining a household and caring for children (if present)

37
Q

Second Shift

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Doing unpaid housework in addition to working for an income (first shift)

38
Q

Division of Housework between males and females

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Has remained stable even though more women have entered into the paid workforce Overall, women do 6.2 hours more housework than men

SOC 1010 (7 decks)

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