Final

Question 1

Principals of root canal filling

Answer 1

• combination of sealer + cement + central core material
• core = piston on the flowable sealer
  Fill voids and attach to the instrumented dentin wall
• sealer for the tissues of the root canal and pulp stump

Question 2

Properties of an ideal root filling material

Answer 2

• easily introduced
• seal laterally and apically
• not shrink
• impervious
• bacteriostatic
• radiopaque
• not stain tooth
• no irritate
• sterile
• easily removed

Question 3

Cuando se introdujo la gutta percha

Answer 3

Mid 19th century

Question 4

Material de la guttapercha

Answer 4

Plasticity + physical durability = possible to move into the recesses of the root canal system

Question 5

Absence of a sealing cement

Answer 5

Frequently associated with clinical and radiographic signs of apical periodontitis

Question 6

Since the 1910’s, therefore, developments in endodontic materials have been mainly on the ____ and properties of the ___ ____ ____ of the root filling

Answer 6

on the chemistry

And

propiedades del sellador como una parte técnica y biológicamente importante del relleno de la raíz

Question 7

Basic composition of endodontic filling materials derived from __

Answer 7

Dried juices from trees of the family sapotaceae

Question 8

Gutta percha
2 phases::

Answer 8

∂ phase
ß - phase

Question 9

∂ phase

Answer 9

Appears in nature

More fluid and softens at a lower temperature

Question 10

ß - phase

Answer 10

Occurs during refining
(Endodontic)

Question 11

Final form of the gutta percha

Answer 11

20% of gutta percha
80% of zinc oxide
Dye for color
Metal salts for rx contrast

Question 12

Sealers are responsible for

Answer 12

The principal function of the final root filling

Question 13

Sealers principal functions:

Answer 13

• Sealing off of the root canal
• Entombment of remaining bacteria
• Filling of irregularities in the prepared canal

Question 14

Material that have dominated the past 70-80 years

Answer 14

Zinc - oxide - Eugenol materials

Question 15

Sealer that have some antibacterial activity of their own, but will also exhibit some toxicity when placed directly on vital tissues

Answer 15

Zinc - oxide- eugenol based sealer

Question 16

Sealer that may bond effectively to dentin via the primer

Monoblock root filling

Answer 16

Resin based sealer

Question 17

Has a chemical integration of the sealer with the core

Answer 17

Resin based sealer

Question 18

What has given the rise to the concept of a homogeneous “monoblack” root filling with little or no voids

Answer 18

The chemical integration of the resin - based sealer

Question 19

3 basic sealers

Answer 19

• zinc-oxide-eugenol based
• resin-based
• calcium hydroxide based

Question 20

Why does the materials with calcium hydroxide succeed also as sealer cement formulations:

Answer 20

Because of their pulp protecting and capping agent

And also its used as an interappointment dressing prompted

Question 21

Obturation techniques

Answer 21

Lateral compaction (warm and cold)
Vertical Compaction (continuous and interrupted wave)
Carried based
Single Cone

Question 22

Cold lateral compaction

Answer 22

It’s still seen as the gold standard obturation technique
- easy to carry out
- allows for good apical control
- cost effective

Question 23

COLD LATERAL COMPACTION

Step 1 & 2

Answer 23

1. Use a spreader that can penetrate to working length without binding or being too loose
2. Choose a standardized ISO taper (0.02) master GP point that fits snugly at working length with “tug back”. This may not correspond to the master apical file size

Question 24

COLD LATERAL COMPACTION

Step 3 & 4

Answer 24

3. Dry the canal with paper points
4. Coat the tip the master cone with sealer and place into the canal coating the inside of the canal wall with sealer. Ensure the master GP point goes to working length

Question 25

COLD LATERAL COMPACTION

Step 5 & 6

Answer 25

5. Ease the finger spreader down to 1 mm from the WL
6. Remove the finger (or hand) spreader with a twist and place an accessory point precisely from where the spreader was removed and ensure it penetrates to 1 mm from the WL.
   Important: use accessory cones that match your manufacturer´s spreader size

Question 26

COLD LATERAL COMPACTION

Step 7 & 8

Answer 26

7. the second accessory point may not go entirely to 1 mm from the WL as the apical part of the canal is beginning to be filled.
   However, it is important to assess how far your spreader penetrates into the canal and ensure that each proceeding accessory cone reaches this same length
8. After placing two to three accessory points take a mid-fill rx. This is carried out in place of a master GP cone rx. The mid fill rx will assess whether that master point has moved during placement of accessory points, if it has, the GP can be taken out and the apical fill repeated

Question 27

What happened if me move the master point

Answer 27

Remove master GP
And repeat apical fill

Question 28

Once the obturation is complete
What is next

COLD LATERAL COMPACTION

Answer 28

Sear the cones off at orifice level and vertically compact with a plugger

Question 29

WARM LATERAL COMPACTION

Answer 29

• Energized spreading is a modification of cold lateral compaction and follows the same protocol as listed before
• a peizoelectric ultrasonic is required, as well as a file adaptor and a K type of file
• ultrasonic set to a higher power setting and is activated only when the file comes into contact with the GP

Question 30

VERTICAL COMPACTION
(CONTINUOUS AND INTERRUPTED WAVE)

Answer 30

Originally introduced by Schiller in 1967,
modified versions of warm vertical compaction have come to be known as the continuous wave compaction technique and the interrupted wave compaction technique

Question 31

In what consist the CARRIED BASED techniques?

Answer 31

Consist of a carrier coated in GP

Question 32

Why is not recommended to use only a SINGLE GP point and sealer technique ?

Answer 32

It does not provide a good three dimensional barrier form the coronal to apical aspect of the root