final

Question 1

this scientist named the microorganisms that he observed “animalcules”:

Answer 1

Van Leewenhoek

Question 2

the theory of spontaneous generation was first challenged by:

Answer 2

Redi

Question 3

this scientist is considered to be the first microbiologist and the “Father of Microbiology”:

Answer 3

Van Leewenhoek

Question 4

the “father” of the antiseptic technique is:

Answer 4

Lister

Question 5

the concept that microorganisms are present in air but not created by air was proven by:

Answer 5

Pasteur

Question 6

this scientist developed a sequence of steps that can be used to determine the specific microorganism that causes a specific disease:

Answer 6

Koch

Question 7

this first name of a microbe is its _______ and the second name is its __________.

Answer 7

genus, species

Question 8

the following microorganism has been described as “spherical shaped bacterial occurring in chains”:

Answer 8

streptococcus

Question 9

the following microorganism has been described as “bunches of grapes”:

Answer 9

staphylococcus

Question 10

this category of cells have nuclei and a cytoskeleton:

Answer 10

eukaryotic

Question 11

microbiology is composed of ___ important divisions.

Answer 11

5

Question 12

the name of this category of cells means “before nucleus”:

Answer 12

prokaryotic

Question 13

which of the following refers to the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi?

Answer 13

mycology

Question 14

the smallest free-living organisms presently known are:

Answer 14

mycoplasmas

Question 15

this name means “first animals” and they are more abundant than any other microorganism:

Answer 15

protozoa

Question 16

these organisms “ooze about”:

Answer 16

amoebae

Question 17

the following are examples of prion diseases:

Answer 17

• Creutzfeldt-Jakub
• mad cow
• scrapie

Question 18

in this method of asexual reproduction, the bacterial cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a new individual:

Answer 18

binary fission

Question 19

when bacteria are arranged in pairs, their name begins with:

Answer 19

diplo

Question 20

in the prokaryotic cell, this structure floats freely in the cytoplasm:

Answer 20

nucleoid

Question 21

in the prokaryotic cell, the _________________ regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer 21

cell membrane

Question 22

endospores are extremely important to embalmers because they are:

Answer 22

resistant to disinfectants

Question 23

these protein structures resemble “whip-like” appendages:

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

gram-positive bacteria will appear _________ when stained.

Answer 24

purple

Question 25

endospores can remain dormant for many years and then convert back to vegetative cells through this process:

Answer 25

germination

Question 26

this Clostridium toxin is found in improperly preserved foods:

Answer 26

botulinum

Question 27

the most prevalent reported caused of food poisoning in the United States is due to:

Answer 27

C. perfringens

Question 28

this chemical compound makes up the greatest percentage of cytoplasma:

Answer 28

water

Question 29

bacteria shaped like a rod are known as:

Answer 29

bacillus

Question 30

this endospore is able to grow in deep wound punctures that become anoxic:

Answer 30

C. tetani

Question 31

bacteria that prefer the cold and survive at temperatures between 0 degrees and celsius and 25 degrees celsius are called:

Answer 31

psychrophiles

Question 32

the ___ of a substance is indicative of the concentration of hydrogen ions present

Answer 32

pH

Question 33

when a cell's cytoplasm shrinks due to osmotic loss of water, the process is called:

Answer 33

plasmolysis

Question 34

these bacteria are self-nourishing and capable of growing in the absence of organism compounds:

Answer 34

autotrophic

Question 35

an organism that is completely dependent on its living host for survival is:

Answer 35

strict parasite

Question 36

the structural backbone for living matter is:

Answer 36

carbon

Question 37

a microorganism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence is a:

Answer 37

faculative anaerobe

Question 38

microorganisms that are normally present in the body but do not produce disease are called:

Answer 38

microbiota

Question 39

in this microbial relationship, two or more microorganisms produce an effect that neither could produce on their own:

Answer 39

synergism

Question 40

antiseptics would not be appropriate for:

Answer 40

I surgical instruments II floors IV embalming tables

Question 41

the minimum amount of time it takes to kill all microorganisms present is called the:

Answer 41

thermal death time

Question 42

chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine are all:

Answer 42

halogens

Question 43

this disinfectant is created by dissolving formaldehyde has in water:

Answer 43

formalin

Question 44

these disinfectants are surfactants:

Answer 44

quaternary ammoniums

Question 45

weakening or diluting the pathogenicity of a microorganism is called:

Answer 45

attenuation

Question 46

diseases that occur continuously in a particular region but have low mortality are called _________ diseases.

Answer 46

endemic

Question 47

infections that are caused by organisms outside of the body are:

Answer 47

exogenous

Question 48

measles are an example of a _________ infection

Answer 48

general

Question 49

when bacterial multiply in the blood, the condition is known as:

Answer 49

septicemia

Question 50

a living organism that transmits infection by carrying it on its external body parts is a:

Answer 50

mechanical vector

Question 51

this microorganism represents 90% of the normal microbiota on the skin:

Answer 51

staphylococcus

Question 52

when toxins circulate in the bloodstream, the resulting condition is called:

Answer 52

toxemia

Question 53

organisms that obtain their nutrition from dead organic matter are called:

Answer 53

saprophytes

Question 54

this infection is often a complication of the common cold and infections of the nose and throat:

Answer 54

otitis media

Question 55

this microorganism is the causative agent for scarlet fever:

Answer 55

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 56

Snydenham's chorea may occur several months after the incident of this infection:

Answer 56

rheumatic fever

Question 57

the microorganism that causes opthalmia neonatorum is:

Answer 57

neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 58

a fulminating case of meningococcal meningitis may result in:

Answer 58

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Question 59

this genus of microorganism contains endospores:

Answer 59

Clostridium

Question 60

this microorganism produces a neurotoxin that can cause opposing muscles to contract at the same time:

Answer 60

clostridium tetani

Question 61

tissue gas may occur in a decedent as a result of the following:

Answer 61

I. presence of gangrene at the time of death III. bacterial translocation IV. contaminated wounds

Question 62

this microorganism is responsible for an infection that is characterized by tough, grayish-white pseudomembrane that forms in the throat:

Answer 62

corneybacterium diphtheria

Question 63

a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis is:

Answer 63

tularemia

Question 64

this pathogen causes the bacterial infection typhoid fever:

Answer 64

salmonella typhi

Question 65

this genus of bacteria has a flexible cell wall in a helical/spring shape

Answer 65

spirochete

Question 66

this is the causative agent for the disease syphilis:

Answer 66

Treponema pallidum

Question 67

"rice-water" stool is a diagnostic indicator of a disease caused by this organism:

Answer 67

vibrio cholera

Question 68

the disease "whooping cough" is caused by this microorganism:

Answer 68

bordetella pertussis

Question 69

this enteric is known to cause secondary infections in burn patients:

Answer 69

proteus mirabilis

Question 70

salmonellosis is a type of ________________ infection.

Answer 70

gastrointestinal

Question 71

"Peyer's patches" are a diagnostic indicator of this disease:

Answer 71

typhoid fever

Question 72

Over 25% of the population of Europe in the Middle Ages died as a result of this microorganism:

Answer 72

yersinia pestis

Question 73

this microorganism is found in human body lice and the human acts as a natural reservoir:

Answer 73

rickettsia prowazekii

Question 74

Murine typhus is another name for:

Answer 74

epidemic typhus

Question 75

"Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever" is caused by microorganism:

Answer 75

Rickettsia rickettsii

Question 76

"Parrot Fever" is caused by this microorganism:

Answer 76

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 77

"Q Fever" is caused by this microorganism

Answer 77

Coxiella burnetti

Question 78

a person with this disease may have a tongue that appears to be coated with a white or black substance:

Answer 78

epidemic typhus

Question 79

this disease is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world:

Answer 79

trachoma

Question 80

birds that have contracted this disease will have diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and a generally "droopy" appearance:

Answer 80

psittacosis

Question 81

diseases caused by _______ are known as spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 81

prions

Question 82

these microorganisms depend on their host cells to produce energy:

Answer 82

viruses

Question 83

prions are of a particular concern to embalmers because they:

Answer 83

resist inactivation by both heat and formaldehyde

Question 84

in the funeral home setting, the following is recommended as a decontaminant for CJD:

Answer 84

sodium hypochlorite

Question 85

dermatropic diseases are diseases of the:

Answer 85

skin

Question 86

variola is the virus that causes:

Answer 86

smallpox

Question 87

rubeola is the virus that causes:

Answer 87

measles

Question 88

"Koplik's spots" are a diagnostic indicator of this disease:

Answer 88

measels

Question 89

This disease is described as the "silent epidemic":

Answer 89

Hepatitis C

Question 90

the rhabdovirus is responsible for this disease:

Answer 90

rabies

Question 91

the following is the name given to the disease involving ringworm of the scalp:

Answer 91

tinea capitis

Question 92

the thallus or body of a mold consists of long filaments of cells joined together called:

Answer 92

hyphae

Question 93

this disease is a fungal infection of the integumentary system:

Answer 93

dermatomycosis

Question 94

Valley Fever, Posada-Wernicke disease, and San Joaquin Fever are all names for this disease:

Answer 94

coccidiodomycosis

Question 95

the microorganisms called Candida albicans can cause a white overgrowth on the tongue called:

Answer 95

thrush

Question 96

this term means "first animal"

Answer 96

protozoa

Question 97

this disease is spread by the anopheles mosquito:

Answer 97

malaria

Question 98

the most common form of transmission of this disease occurs when handling contaminated cat feces:

Answer 98

toxoplasmosis

Question 99

the microorganism Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for this disease:

Answer 99

amoebiasis