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bio215 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

this scientist named the microorganisms that he observed “animalcules”:

A

Van Leewenhoek

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2
Q

the theory of spontaneous generation was first challenged by:

A

Redi

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3
Q

this scientist is considered to be the first microbiologist and the “Father of Microbiology”:

A

Van Leewenhoek

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4
Q

the “father” of the antiseptic technique is:

A

Lister

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5
Q

the concept that microorganisms are present in air but not created by air was proven by:

A

Pasteur

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6
Q

this scientist developed a sequence of steps that can be used to determine the specific microorganism that causes a specific disease:

A

Koch

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7
Q

this first name of a microbe is its _______ and the second name is its __________.

A

genus, species

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8
Q

the following microorganism has been described as “spherical shaped bacterial occurring in chains”:

A

streptococcus

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9
Q

the following microorganism has been described as “bunches of grapes”:

A

staphylococcus

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10
Q

this category of cells have nuclei and a cytoskeleton:

A

eukaryotic

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11
Q

microbiology is composed of ___ important divisions.

A

5

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12
Q

the name of this category of cells means “before nucleus”:

A

prokaryotic

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13
Q

which of the following refers to the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi?

A

mycology

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14
Q

the smallest free-living organisms presently known are:

A

mycoplasmas

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15
Q

this name means “first animals” and they are more abundant than any other microorganism:

A

protozoa

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16
Q

these organisms “ooze about”:

A

amoebae

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17
Q

the following are examples of prion diseases:

A
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakub
  • mad cow
  • scrapie
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18
Q

in this method of asexual reproduction, the bacterial cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a new individual:

A

binary fission

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19
Q

when bacteria are arranged in pairs, their name begins with:

A

diplo

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20
Q

in the prokaryotic cell, this structure floats freely in the cytoplasm:

A

nucleoid

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21
Q

in the prokaryotic cell, the _________________ regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

A

cell membrane

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22
Q

endospores are extremely important to embalmers because they are:

A

resistant to disinfectants

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23
Q

these protein structures resemble “whip-like” appendages:

A

flagella

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24
Q

gram-positive bacteria will appear _________ when stained.

A

purple

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25
Q

endospores can remain dormant for many years and then convert back to vegetative cells through this process:

A

germination

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26
Q

this Clostridium toxin is found in improperly preserved foods:

A

botulinum

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27
Q

the most prevalent reported caused of food poisoning in the United States is due to:

A

C. perfringens

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28
Q

this chemical compound makes up the greatest percentage of cytoplasma:

A

water

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29
Q

bacteria shaped like a rod are known as:

A

bacillus

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30
Q

this endospore is able to grow in deep wound punctures that become anoxic:

A

C. tetani

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31
Q

bacteria that prefer the cold and survive at temperatures between 0 degrees and celsius and 25 degrees celsius are called:

A

psychrophiles

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32
Q

the ___ of a substance is indicative of the concentration of hydrogen ions present

A

pH

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33
Q

when a cell’s cytoplasm shrinks due to osmotic loss of water, the process is called:

A

plasmolysis

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34
Q

these bacteria are self-nourishing and capable of growing in the absence of organism compounds:

A

autotrophic

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35
Q

an organism that is completely dependent on its living host for survival is:

A

strict parasite

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36
Q

the structural backbone for living matter is:

A

carbon

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37
Q

a microorganism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence is a:

A

faculative anaerobe

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38
Q

microorganisms that are normally present in the body but do not produce disease are called:

A

microbiota

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39
Q

in this microbial relationship, two or more microorganisms produce an effect that neither could produce on their own:

A

synergism

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40
Q

antiseptics would not be appropriate for:

A

I surgical instruments
II floors
IV embalming tables

41
Q

the minimum amount of time it takes to kill all microorganisms present is called the:

A

thermal death time

42
Q

chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine are all:

A

halogens

43
Q

this disinfectant is created by dissolving formaldehyde has in water:

A

formalin

44
Q

these disinfectants are surfactants:

A

quaternary ammoniums

45
Q

weakening or diluting the pathogenicity of a microorganism is called:

A

attenuation

46
Q

diseases that occur continuously in a particular region but have low mortality are called _________ diseases.

A

endemic

47
Q

infections that are caused by organisms outside of the body are:

A

exogenous

48
Q

measles are an example of a _________ infection

A

general

49
Q

when bacterial multiply in the blood, the condition is known as:

A

septicemia

50
Q

a living organism that transmits infection by carrying it on its external body parts is a:

A

mechanical vector

51
Q

this microorganism represents 90% of the normal microbiota on the skin:

A

staphylococcus

52
Q

when toxins circulate in the bloodstream, the resulting condition is called:

A

toxemia

53
Q

organisms that obtain their nutrition from dead organic matter are called:

A

saprophytes

54
Q

this infection is often a complication of the common cold and infections of the nose and throat:

A

otitis media

55
Q

this microorganism is the causative agent for scarlet fever:

A

streptococcus pyogenes

56
Q

Snydenham’s chorea may occur several months after the incident of this infection:

A

rheumatic fever

57
Q

the microorganism that causes opthalmia neonatorum is:

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

58
Q

a fulminating case of meningococcal meningitis may result in:

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

59
Q

this genus of microorganism contains endospores:

A

Clostridium

60
Q

this microorganism produces a neurotoxin that can cause opposing muscles to contract at the same time:

A

clostridium tetani

61
Q

tissue gas may occur in a decedent as a result of the following:

A

I. presence of gangrene at the time of death
III. bacterial translocation
IV. contaminated wounds

62
Q

this microorganism is responsible for an infection that is characterized by tough, grayish-white pseudomembrane that forms in the throat:

A

corneybacterium diphtheria

63
Q

a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis is:

A

tularemia

64
Q

this pathogen causes the bacterial infection typhoid fever:

A

salmonella typhi

65
Q

this genus of bacteria has a flexible cell wall in a helical/spring shape

A

spirochete

66
Q

this is the causative agent for the disease syphilis:

A

Treponema pallidum

67
Q

“rice-water” stool is a diagnostic indicator of a disease caused by this organism:

A

vibrio cholera

68
Q

the disease “whooping cough” is caused by this microorganism:

A

bordetella pertussis

69
Q

this enteric is known to cause secondary infections in burn patients:

A

proteus mirabilis

70
Q

salmonellosis is a type of ________________ infection.

A

gastrointestinal

71
Q

“Peyer’s patches” are a diagnostic indicator of this disease:

A

typhoid fever

72
Q

Over 25% of the population of Europe in the Middle Ages died as a result of this microorganism:

A

yersinia pestis

73
Q

this microorganism is found in human body lice and the human acts as a natural reservoir:

A

rickettsia prowazekii

74
Q

Murine typhus is another name for:

A

epidemic typhus

75
Q

“Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever” is caused by microorganism:

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

76
Q

“Parrot Fever” is caused by this microorganism:

A

Chlamydia psittaci

77
Q

“Q Fever” is caused by this microorganism

A

Coxiella burnetti

78
Q

a person with this disease may have a tongue that appears to be coated with a white or black substance:

A

epidemic typhus

79
Q

this disease is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world:

A

trachoma

80
Q

birds that have contracted this disease will have diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and a generally “droopy” appearance:

A

psittacosis

81
Q

diseases caused by _______ are known as spongiform encephalopathies

A

prions

82
Q

these microorganisms depend on their host cells to produce energy:

A

viruses

83
Q

prions are of a particular concern to embalmers because they:

A

resist inactivation by both heat and formaldehyde

84
Q

in the funeral home setting, the following is recommended as a decontaminant for CJD:

A

sodium hypochlorite

85
Q

dermatropic diseases are diseases of the:

A

skin

86
Q

variola is the virus that causes:

A

smallpox

87
Q

rubeola is the virus that causes:

A

measles

88
Q

“Koplik’s spots” are a diagnostic indicator of this disease:

A

measels

89
Q

This disease is described as the “silent epidemic”:

A

Hepatitis C

90
Q

the rhabdovirus is responsible for this disease:

A

rabies

91
Q

the following is the name given to the disease involving ringworm of the scalp:

A

tinea capitis

92
Q

the thallus or body of a mold consists of long filaments of cells joined together called:

A

hyphae

93
Q

this disease is a fungal infection of the integumentary system:

A

dermatomycosis

94
Q

Valley Fever, Posada-Wernicke disease, and San Joaquin Fever are all names for this disease:

A

coccidiodomycosis

95
Q

the microorganisms called Candida albicans can cause a white overgrowth on the tongue called:

A

thrush

96
Q

this term means “first animal”

A

protozoa

97
Q

this disease is spread by the anopheles mosquito:

A

malaria

98
Q

the most common form of transmission of this disease occurs when handling contaminated cat feces:

A

toxoplasmosis

99
Q

the microorganism Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for this disease:

A

amoebiasis

bio215 (11 decks)

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