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8th History > Final 150- Part 1 > Flashcards

Final 150- Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

Religion, new beginning, and to explore

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

Joint-stock company creating Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Easy to defend, lacked good farmland, time spent looking for gold, tobacco saved it

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Governor of Jamestown for its first two years, relationship with Powhatan tribe, when he left Jamestown suffered

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Saved John smith, married John Rolfe, moved to England

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

sold first crop in 1614 in England, married Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown, Virginia is where it began, Slavery, foundation of country

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8
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Pilgrims on MayFlower ended up at Plymouth instead of New York.50%died1st winter, squanto and samoset befriended pilgrims and helped them, thanksgiving

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9
Q

Pilgrims

A

Came on MayFlower September 1620, Separatist who came to colonies for religious freedom

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10
Q

Mayflower

A

Ship set for New York, but ended up at Plymouth.

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11
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Provided laws and developed governments

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12
Q

William Bradford

A

Led pilgrims over 30 years, responsible for thanksgiving, wrote of Plymouth plantation, he drew parallels between them and the Bible.

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13
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Befriended pilgrims, showed them how to plant corn,beans, and squash. Also showed them where to hunt and fish.

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14
Q

Puritans

A

Persecute in England, Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629, based on the Bible, John Winthrop was groups governor, strict, believed in theocracy, Salem which trials, little tolerance to other religions.

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15
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Puritans

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16
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of puritans

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17
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Both take to trial over disagreeing with puritans, formed Rhode Island Conflict with native Americans, went to war with Wampanoag. Settlers won

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18
Q

Bacon’s rebellion

A

Nathaniel Bacon led people to Jamestown to set it on fire.

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

19 people falsely accused and killed of witch craft

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Founded Pennsylvania, and was a Quaker that wrote their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

“Inner light” to salvation, everyone’s equal (Pennsylvania), no services or officials, tolerant of other people’s views, positive treatment to women and native Americans, pacifists

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

Refuse to fight in wars and use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

Georgia.

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

Return to strong faith, key role in development of democratic concepts of American revolution

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

System in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, Caribbean, and American colonies

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

All came from Benjamin Franklin.

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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

Lead to freedom of press

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

Ohio river valley. Wanted control of fur trade

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Halted western expansion of settlers, colonist were unhappy, because some had already bought land and Great Britain ignored their claims

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30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Lowered tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764

31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Printed materials couldn’t be sold without a stamp

32
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

Fight breaks out between towns people and British soldiers, and then a British soldier fired upon the crowd due to the quartering act

33
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

Group of colonists led by sons of liberty board an east Indian trading company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by tossing it into the harbor in response to the tea act of 1773

34
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston tea party

35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

“I’m not a Virginian, I am an American.”

36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British.

37
Q

John Hancock

A

First person to sign Declaration of Independence, wrote his name larger than everyone else’s

38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

Paine believes the colonies should be refuge from tyrants and persecution

39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

Written by Thomas Jefferson
Philadelphia in 1776
Written to explain why colonies chose to form a new nation

40
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

Great Britain taxing he colonists due to their Great War debt.

41
Q

Loyalists

A

Colonists still loyal to Great Britain

42
Q

Patriots

A

Colonists rebelling against Great Britain

43
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

“Shot heard around the world”

44
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point in revolutionary war for patriots.

45
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

Terrible living conditions caused many men to desert the army,

46
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Last major battle of American Revolutionary War. Cornwallis was trapped and then surrendered

47
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Hero of battle of Saratoga, first traitor because he went to the British army

48
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

George Washington

49
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Another European that believed in the principles of free man. He believed the future of American had a great influence on the future of man kind

50
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

Drilled troops at valley forge. Taught them the essentials of military drill and discipline

51
Q

Francis Marion

A

Helped defeat the south. He is know as the swamp fox

52
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and run War technique

53
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Great Britain recognized the US as an independent nation

54
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi River.
Includes a bill of rights for the settlers and was the first attempt in the US history to stop the spread of Slavery

55
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

In November 1777, Americans first Constitution was adopted. Central government where states gave up little power. Couldn’t tax couldn’t raise taxes.

56
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight governments taxes on poor farmers. Let by Daniel Shays

57
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Established the model for congress used to this day. Virginia and New Jersey plans used.

58
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation

59
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

James Madison was he father of the Constitution
1787
The government wasn’t strong enough

60
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First ten amendments to the constitution.

Created to limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the individuals

61
Q

1st Amendment

A

Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government

62
Q

2nd amendment

A

Citizens have the right to own firearms

63
Q

4th amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause

64
Q

5th amendment

A

Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law

65
Q

6th amendment

A

You have the right to a speedy , public trial by an impartial jury

66
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Legislative branch- law making branch
Executive branch- carries out the laws
Judicial branch- interprets the laws

67
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government

68
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Federalists- favored a strong federal government, rule by wealthy, and loose interpretation of constitution

69
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Alien acts- allowed president to depart aliens

Sedition acts- a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government

70
Q

John Sevier

A

First governor of Tennessee

71
Q

Natchez Trace

A

Became important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville

72
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Landmark court case that established judicial review. First time Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional

73
Q

Judicial review

A

Means the court can nullify actions of other branches

74
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Chief Justice Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was a federal institution and the court didn’t want states to have that much power over the national government

8th History (17 decks)

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