Final 150- Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
Religion, new beginning, and to explore
Virginia Company
Joint-stock company creating Jamestown
Jamestown
Easy to defend, lacked good farmland, time spent looking for gold, tobacco saved it
John Smith
Governor of Jamestown for its first two years, relationship with Powhatan tribe, when he left Jamestown suffered
Pocahontas
Saved John smith, married John Rolfe, moved to England
John Rolfe
sold first crop in 1614 in England, married Pocahontas
Tobacco
Saved Jamestown, Virginia is where it began, Slavery, foundation of country
Plymouth Colony
Pilgrims on MayFlower ended up at Plymouth instead of New York.50%died1st winter, squanto and samoset befriended pilgrims and helped them, thanksgiving
Pilgrims
Came on MayFlower September 1620, Separatist who came to colonies for religious freedom
Mayflower
Ship set for New York, but ended up at Plymouth.
Mayflower Compact
Provided laws and developed governments
William Bradford
Led pilgrims over 30 years, responsible for thanksgiving, wrote of Plymouth plantation, he drew parallels between them and the Bible.
Squanto and Samoset
Befriended pilgrims, showed them how to plant corn,beans, and squash. Also showed them where to hunt and fish.
Puritans
Persecute in England, Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629, based on the Bible, John Winthrop was groups governor, strict, believed in theocracy, Salem which trials, little tolerance to other religions.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans
John Winthrop
Governor of puritans
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Both take to trial over disagreeing with puritans, formed Rhode Island Conflict with native Americans, went to war with Wampanoag. Settlers won
Bacon’s rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon led people to Jamestown to set it on fire.
Salem Witch Trials
19 people falsely accused and killed of witch craft
William Penn
Founded Pennsylvania, and was a Quaker that wrote their constitution
Quakers
“Inner light” to salvation, everyone’s equal (Pennsylvania), no services or officials, tolerant of other people’s views, positive treatment to women and native Americans, pacifists
Pacifists
Refuse to fight in wars and use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Georgia.
First Great Awakening
Return to strong faith, key role in development of democratic concepts of American revolution
Triangular Trade
System in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, Caribbean, and American colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
All came from Benjamin Franklin.
John Peter Zenger Trial
Lead to freedom of press
Cause of French and Indian War
Ohio river valley. Wanted control of fur trade
Proclamation of 1763
Halted western expansion of settlers, colonist were unhappy, because some had already bought land and Great Britain ignored their claims
The Sugar Act
Lowered tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764
The Stamp Act
Printed materials couldn’t be sold without a stamp
The Boston Massacre
Fight breaks out between towns people and British soldiers, and then a British soldier fired upon the crowd due to the quartering act
The Boston Tea Party
Group of colonists led by sons of liberty board an east Indian trading company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by tossing it into the harbor in response to the tea act of 1773
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston tea party
Patrick Henry
“I’m not a Virginian, I am an American.”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British.
John Hancock
First person to sign Declaration of Independence, wrote his name larger than everyone else’s
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Paine believes the colonies should be refuge from tyrants and persecution
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
Written by Thomas Jefferson
Philadelphia in 1776
Written to explain why colonies chose to form a new nation
Cause of American Revolutionary War
Great Britain taxing he colonists due to their Great War debt.
Loyalists
Colonists still loyal to Great Britain
Patriots
Colonists rebelling against Great Britain
Battles of Lexington and Concord
“Shot heard around the world”
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point in revolutionary war for patriots.
Winter at Valley Forge
Terrible living conditions caused many men to desert the army,
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of American Revolutionary War. Cornwallis was trapped and then surrendered
Benedict Arnold
Hero of battle of Saratoga, first traitor because he went to the British army
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
Another European that believed in the principles of free man. He believed the future of American had a great influence on the future of man kind
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled troops at valley forge. Taught them the essentials of military drill and discipline
Francis Marion
Helped defeat the south. He is know as the swamp fox
guerrilla warfare
Hit and run War technique
Treaty of Paris 1783
Great Britain recognized the US as an independent nation
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi River.
Includes a bill of rights for the settlers and was the first attempt in the US history to stop the spread of Slavery
Articles of Confederation
In November 1777, Americans first Constitution was adopted. Central government where states gave up little power. Couldn’t tax couldn’t raise taxes.
Shays’ Rebellion
Uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight governments taxes on poor farmers. Let by Daniel Shays
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day. Virginia and New Jersey plans used.
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison was he father of the Constitution
1787
The government wasn’t strong enough
Bill of Rights
First ten amendments to the constitution.
Created to limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the individuals
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government
2nd amendment
Citizens have the right to own firearms
4th amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5th amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
6th amendment
You have the right to a speedy , public trial by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative branch- law making branch
Executive branch- carries out the laws
Judicial branch- interprets the laws
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Federalists- favored a strong federal government, rule by wealthy, and loose interpretation of constitution
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien acts- allowed president to depart aliens
Sedition acts- a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
John Sevier
First governor of Tennessee
Natchez Trace
Became important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
Marbury v Madison
Landmark court case that established judicial review. First time Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional
Judicial review
Means the court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v Maryland
Chief Justice Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was a federal institution and the court didn’t want states to have that much power over the national government
