Chapter 4 Flashcards
What was the main economic activity in all colonies?
Farming, but farms in New England were smaller than those in the south due to long winters and thin, rocky soil
What is subsistence farming?
Producing just enough food
What is commercial agriculture?
When large amounts of crops are produced to make profit
Why did New England farmers practice subsistence farming?
Long winters and thin,rocky soil
What were the two main industries of the New England colonies?
Ship building and fishing
What is the triangular trade?
Triangular trade between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
What was the name of the slave transporting leg of the Triangular Trade?
The middle passage
Where was the hub of the shipping trade in America?
New England
What is a cash crop?
Crops that could be sold in markets
What were the two main cash crops of the Middle Colonies?
Wheat and Oates
Which colonial region was known for its diverse population of German and Scotch-Irish citizens?
Middle Colonies
What was the main cash crop in Virginia and Maryland?
Tobacco
What was the main cash crop in Georgia and South Carolina?
Rice
What did rice and tobacco have in common (why slaves were used to harvest them)?
Both were labor intensive, so slavery increased
What is supply and demand?
Controls prices of item. Supply increase, demand decreases. (Vice versa)
What were the strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of slaves in the colonies?
Slave codes. Couldn’t leave, whipped for minor offenses.
How did England view the colonies economically?
Economic resource. Way to make money
How do you make money on trade?
Export more than import. Trade grows, power grows
What was important about the Navigation Acts?
Insured that England made money off of colonial trade by restricting trade.
What established a limited government in the 13th century and inspired the US Constitution?
Magna Carta
Who was allowed to vote in the mid 1700’s in the colonies?
White men who owned property, but not all free men could vote
What was the religious revival that swept through the colonies?
Great Awakening
What was the Enlightenment?
Belief, knowledge, and reason could improve society. Benjamin Franklin most inspired.
What was the name of the book Benjamin Franklin wrote after being inspired by the Enlightenment?
Poor Richard’s Almanak
Who was the newspaper publisher that was charged with a crime for accusing the governor of New York of being
corrupt?
John Peter Zenger
The John Peter Zenger Trial dealt with what personal liberty?
Freedom of Press
Where is the land area that the British and French fought over because of the fur trade?
Ohio River Valley
What was the most powerful group of Native Americans in the East?
Iroquois Confederacy
Who was sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley and struck the first blow against the French?
George Washington
What is a militia?
Group of citizens trained to fight in emergencies
What did the Albany Plan of Union want to do?
One general governor for the 13 colonies
What was the name of the political cartoon that encouraged the colonies to approve the Albany Plan of Union?
“Join or Die”
What was the name of the war between the French and British in Europe?
The Seven Years War
What is the name of the fort that the Cherokee burned down in modern day Tennessee?
Fort Loudoun
What was the most important victory for the British in the F&I War?
Battle of Quebec
What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 do?
Ends the French and Indiana War. End of power for French in North America. Spain traded Florida for Louisiana to Great Britain.
Who was the Ottawa chief who believed the British were threatening their way of life?
Pontiac
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
Halted western expansions of settlers west of Appalachian Mountains to appease Native Americans.
Why were many colonists upset over the Proclamation of 1763?
Some had already bought land there, and Britain ignored their claims.
