Final Flashcards
Animals are heterotrophic True or false
True
What is an epithelium
It is the surface of animals, it is made of tightly linked cells
What germ layers are in triploplastic animals?
- Ectoderm
- Mesoderm
- Endoderm
Animals with bilateral symmetry have at least two planes of symmetry true or false
False
Animals that retain eggs inside their bodies and when they hatch their mothers give birth to them this method every production is called being what
Ovovivparous
To make the transition to land new adaptations were needed for protosomes to overcome three challenges what are those three challenges
- Exchange of gases
- Keep from drying out
3.weight of their own body
What is the purpose of a Visceral mass of mollusks
Visceral mass of mollusks hold important organs of the mollusks
Starfish are the only mollusks to modify their feet into tentacles
False
Insects have their bodies divided into two regions: the cephalothorax and abdomen
False
Describe the gill-co hypothesis
States that the origin of wings came from the overgrowth of gills that then attached to legs
What are the four morphological features found in developing chordates
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord
- Notochord
- Muscular post anal tail
Which of the following regions of the brain is responsible for vision
Midbrain
How did the gill arch shape the first working jaw
The gill arch hypothesis states the origin of the jaw came from the mutation of the anterior to increase in size moving forward to form the first working jaw
All Reptiles are ectothermic
False
Bipedalism is a Synamorphy The Defines hominins
True
Define segmentation
It is when the species is divided up into segments so they are able to move better
What is one thing that occurred in the diversification of animals
Evolution of predation
True or false Cephalochordates and urochordates Are considered invertebrate chordates
True
Define cranium
The cranium is a bodily structure that encases the brain
Give an example of parental care
Teaching young survival skills
What is the advantage and disadvantage of parental care in animals
The advantage is that there is a higher chance of the young to survive and reproduce in the future however the disadvantage is that parents had to exert more time and energy
Name one Fundamental feature that eukaryotes possess
Multicellularity
Define the global carbon cycle
Global carbon cycle is the cycle of carbon movement in the atmosphere to land then to ocean environment and back again into atmosphere creating a cycle
Compare and contrast symbiosis and endosymbiosis
Symbiosis is when species lives amongst one another where Endosymbiosis is when cells of one species lives inside a cell of another
True or false multicellularity refers to organisms that have more than one cell
True
True or false: gametophyte is a multicellular diploid form
True
Name one ecosystem service plants provide
Regulate local climate
Which of the following land plants include mosses
Nonvascular plants
Which of the following adaptations did plants need to live on land?
Prevent water loss
UV radiation
Movement of water in tissues
What do antheridium and archegonium produce
Antheridium produce sperm
Archegonium produce eggs
Define Heterospory
Produce different spores by different structures
True or false mycorrhizal is fungi that live along with the roots but are not in close association with them
False
Which of the following are described as club like cells that are formed at the end of a Hyphae
Basidia
True or false commensalism is a symbiotic Relationship where one benefits but the other does not nor is it harmed
True
Define heterokaryotic
Heterokaryotic is when two different nuclei fuse to form haploid hyphae zygote
True or false: A pandemic is a disease that rapidly infects a large number of inclividuals over a widening area
False
Why is it serious when HIV destroys our t-helper cells?
It is serious because HIV causes the T- helper cell count to drop which weakens the immune system with a weak immune system the body is more susceptible to disease
Which of the following is described as a single RNA genome containing one positive and one. Negative sense region
Ambisense
Name the common phases of replicative growth in viruses hint: the stages of a virus life cycle
- Attachment to host and entry to cytosol
- Viral genome transcription and production of viral proteins
- Viral genome replication
- Assembly of new Virions
- Exit host
- Transmission to another host cell
True or false HIV is known as a retrovirus
True
True or false the reverse transcriptase is responsible for transcribing RNA to DNA in retroviruses
True
What was Plato’s claim or take on evolution
Plato followed the typological thinking where organisms created by God are made in perfect essence and Unchanging
Define vestigial traits
It is the little to no function of a trait in an organism.it canbe seen in an organism or not necessarily.
What an the 3 levels of Homology??
1 - genetic
2- developmental
3- structural
Which of the following is defined as a “heritable trait that increases an individuals fitness in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking that trait”
Adaptation
True or false: acclimation is the same as adaptation
False
Define fitness trade-off:
It is the compromise of traits where gaining that trait can benefit but also have some down sides to it
Which of the following processes is described as “causing allele frequencies to change randomly”
Genetic drift
What are hardy Weinberg’s five assumptions
No mutations
No natural selection
No genetic drift
No gene flow
Random mating 
True or false inbreeding decreases the frequencies of homozygous recessive individuals
False
Natural selection occurs in patterns and modes what are they
Directional selection
Balancing selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
True or false: intrasexual selection is also known as mate choice
False
Give an example of sexual dimorphism
Male deer have antler weaponry, but females do not have weaponry
Which of the following are part of the three criteria for identifying a species
Biological species concept
Morphological species concept
Phylogenetic species concept
True or false prezygotic isolation is when a hybrid is born but it is either not viable or sterile
False
True of false vicariance is the physical splitting of a habitat
True
What is a allopolyploidy
It is a mutation where two different organisms come together and offspring has two chromosome of copies
Contrast an ancestral and derived trait
An ancestor trait are traits that come from ancestors whereas derived traits are modified ancestral traits from the species
Which of the following fossils is the result of “remains decomposed after burial and dissolved minerals create a cast in the remaining hole”
Cast fossils
Name one method an infectious disease can spread
Ingestion of contaminated substances like food and water
True or false conjugation is when genetic info is transferred by direct cell to cell contact
True
