Ch.24 Speciation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the three criteria for identifying species

A
  1. The biological species concept
  2. The morphological species concept (morphospecies)
  3. The phylogenetic species concept
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2
Q

What are the criteria/concepts to identify whether populations represent distinct species

A

Biological species concept
Morphospecies concept
Phylogenetic species concept

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3
Q

Define biological species concept

A

population or group of populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups
members of a species have the potential to interbreed in nature to produce viable offspring but cannot interbreed successfully with members of other species

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4
Q

Define morphospecies concept

A

The definition of the species as a population or a group of populations that have measurably different anatomical features from other groups

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5
Q

Define phylogenetic species concept

A

The definition of a species as the smallest monophyletic group in a phylogenetic tree

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6
Q

Define speciation

A

Occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of the species and develop its own unique characteristics

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7
Q

Define allopatric speciation

A

When a species separate into two separate groups which are isolated from one another

They do not have overlapping geographic ranges

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8
Q

When does geographic isolation occur?

A

1 it occurs either by dispersal

  1. Or vicariance
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9
Q

When can sympatric speciation occur?

A

When speciation among populations within same geological area

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10
Q

If Gene flow occurs what can happen to diverged populations?

A

May fuse into a single species

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11
Q

Define hybridization

A

It is when parents from different species, populations or strains come together and mate

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12
Q

Secondary contact can lead to

A

Reinforcement

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13
Q

Gene flow between different species can lead to the formation of

A

Hybrid zones

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14
Q

What happens when speciation by hybridization occurs?

A

A new branch is added to the tree of life by the merging of parts of preexisting branches

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15
Q

Define autopolyploid

A

It is the state of having more than 2 sets of chromosomes due to a mutation that doubled the chromosome number from both the same species mating

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16
Q

Define hybrid zone

A

Is a geographic area where interbreeding between two populations occur and hybrid offspring are common

17
Q

Define genome

A

All the hereditary material (DNA or RNA) in a virus, cell or organism

18
Q

Define polyploidy

A

It is a type of mutation that occurs when there is an error in meiosis or mitosis that results in More than two sets of chromosomes

19
Q

Define niche

A

The range of ecological resources that a species can use and the range of conditions it can tolerate

20
Q

Define sympatry

A

Is a condition in which two or more populations live in the same geographic area or close enough to permit interbreeding

21
Q

Define sympatric speciation

A

It is the separation of populations living within the same geographic area into different species as the result of their genetic isolation

22
Q

Define allopatry

A

conditions in which two or more populations live in different geographic areas

23
Q

Allopatric speciation starts in what two ways?

A
  1. dispersal- the movement of individuals from done place to another

2.vicariance- the physical splitting of a habitat

24
Q

Define taxonomy

A

It is the branch of science concerned with classification especially of organisms

25
Q

Define Synamorphy

A

“Unique forms” where Homologous traits are found in common ancestors and descendants but missing in more distant ancestors

26
Q

Define species

A

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

27
Q

Define genetic isolation

A

It is the lack of mixing between organisms of the same species

28
Q

Prezygotic isolation

A

It is when individuals from different species are prevented from mating

it is apart of biological species concept

29
Q

PostZygotic isolation

A

It is when the hybrid Offspring do not survive or produce

It is apart of the biological species concept

30
Q

What is the word for the physical splitting of a habitat

A

Vicariance 

31
Q

It Is the term for the physical splitting of the population into a smaller more isolated populations by a geographic barrier

A

Vicariance

32
Q

This is when a population moves to a new habitat colonizers it and found a new population

A

Dispersal

33
Q

This is the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes due to the HYBRIDIZATION between 2 different species

A

Allopolyploid

34
Q

Polyploid

A

It is the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes either from the same species or from different species

35
Q
A