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BIO 2 > Ch 30 > Flashcards

Ch 30 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animals are eukaryotes that share 3 key traits:

A

Multicellular

Heterotrophs

Motility

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2
Q

Multicellularity with cells that ( in terms of animals)

A

Lack cell walls

Have an extensive extracellular matrix

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3
Q

Animals share key traits of heterotrophy meaning they

A

Obtain necessary carbon compounds from other organisms

Most ingest their food rather than absorbing it

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4
Q

Motility in animals

A

Move under their own power at some point in their life cycle

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5
Q

What is an animal

A

Biologist recognize 30-35 phyla of animals but are always being debate d

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6
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Fiber composite in which animal cells are in bedded consisting of proteins and polysaccharides produced by the cell

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7
Q

What key Inovations occur during the origin of animal phyla

A

fossils

Comparative morphology

Comparative development

Comparative genomics

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8
Q

What role did Fossils have on innovations in discovering origin of animaI phyla

A

Fossils are direct evidence of ancient animals of now they looked, when they existed and lived

But fossils found are usually in abundance what’re sedimentation occurred

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9
Q

What key role did comparative morphology have on origin of animal phyla

A

This data is used to :

Define the fundamental architecture or body plan of each lineage

Infer which characteristics arose 1st

Infer which animal groups are more closely related

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10
Q

What was comparative development used for in discovering the origin of animal phyla

A

Provided information about patterns of gene expression

Determined genetic and developmental Homeology

And saw the patterns in convergent evolution

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11
Q

Where is comparative genomics used for when discovering the origin of animal phyla

A

Provided info about the relative similarity of genes and different organisms

Provided insight into phylogenetic relationships

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12
Q

Define benthic

A

at bottom of aquatic environments

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13
Q

Define sessile

A

Adults that live permanently attached to a substrate rather than moving freely

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14
Q

What characteristics do sponges share with choanoflagelates

A

Both have benthic, sessile and feed using cells with nearly identical form morphology

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15
Q

Define colonies

A

Group of attached individuals

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16
Q

Chuanoflagellates sometimes formed

A

Colonies

17
Q

Sponges contain many specialized cell types including the

A

The ECM

18
Q

Define epithelium

A

A layer of tightly joined cells that covers interior and exterior surface of animals

19
Q

Do some sponges have true Epithelium

A

Yes

20
Q

Sponges are diverse in

A

Size shape and composition

21
Q

Define spicules

A

They are stiff spikes of silica or calcium carbonate that provides structural support to the ECM

22
Q

Define diploblasts

A

Are animals whose embryos have two types of tissues

  1. The ectoderm
  2. And the endoderm
23
Q

Define ectoderm

A

Outside skin

24
Q

Define endoderm

A

Inside skin

25
Q

Triploblasts are animals whose embryos have three germ layers

A
  1. ectoderm
  2. Endoderm
  3. Mesoderm 
26
Q

Define mesoderm

A

Middle skin

27
Q

Define body Symmetry

A

What is the Chi morphological aspect of an animals body plan

28
Q

Define radial symmetry

A

animals that have at least two planes of symmetry

29
Q

And example of an animal that has radial symmetry

A

Starfish And sea sponges

30
Q

Define bilateral symmetry

A

Animals that have a single plane of symmetry and long and narrow bodies

31
Q

Example of animals with bilateral symmetry

A

Humans dogs cats

32
Q

Most animals exhibit

A

Bilateral symmetry

33
Q

What 4 themes occurred in the diversification of animals

A

Higher oxygen levels

The evolution of predation

New niches Beget more new niches

New genes new bodies

34
Q

Animals are put into three groups where eggs and embryos develop What are the three

A

Viviparous

Oviparous

Ovoviviparous 

35
Q

Devin viviparous

A

Life bearing species

Include most mammals and retain embryo in females body during development

36
Q

Define oviparous

A

egg bearing species

Lay eggs outside to develop independently

Vast majority of animals races are oviparous

37
Q

Define ovoviviparous

A

Egg live bearing species

Female retains eggs inside her body during early development

Embryos are nourished inside yolk

Include species like Insects fish and reptiles

BIO 2 (13 decks)

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