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AP I > Final🔥🔥 > Flashcards

Final🔥🔥 Flashcards

1
Q

4 adult tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

5 groups of adult CT

A

Loose
Dense
Bone
Blood
Cartilage

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3
Q

The 3 germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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4
Q

4 junction types

A

Gap
Tight
Hemidesmosome
Desmosome

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5
Q

The 4 membranes

A

Serous
Mucous
Synovial
Cutaneous

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6
Q

If a membrane has a resting transmembrane potential of -70mV, it is said to be

A

Polarized

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7
Q

At rest, what ions will a cell have more in the cytoplasm than outside the cell?

A

Potassium

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8
Q

During membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in membrane permeability to which ion?

A

Sodium

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9
Q

A membrane maintains its resting potential due to:

A

Sodium-potassium pumps

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10
Q

Where do graded potentials occur and how to they reach threshold?

A

Graded potentials occur on the somas/dendrites and they reach threshold via summation

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11
Q

What cells build tissues and what cell maintains tissues?

A

Blasts, cytes

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12
Q

What cell detects deep pressure in the integumentary system

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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13
Q

What epidermal cell is used for protection of the skin and releases lipids?

A

Keratinocytes

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14
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of neurons?

A

Motor
Sensory
Integration

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15
Q

What type of cell will release norepinephrine? I hat will be the receptor at the effector?

A

Adrenergic; alpha, beta

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16
Q

What are the 2 contractile proteins?

A

Myosin, actin

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17
Q

Steps in the contraction cycle:

A

ATP hydrolysis
Cross bridge formation
Power stroke
Detachment

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18
Q

What process aids in skeletal muscles relaxing?

A

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine

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19
Q

Inactivation of acetylcholine by an enzyme occurs naturally. Certain drugs destroy this enzyme. What will happen to the neurons?

A

Postsynaptic neuron will remain active

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20
Q

Somatic nervous system synapses with:

A

Skeletal muscles

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21
Q

This tissue produces mucous and moves the mucous in the airways

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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22
Q

Can increase blood calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the GI tract

A

Calcitriol

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23
Q

What series of events helps to regulate internal environment?

A

Feedback cycle

24
Q

What are the 5 components of a reflex pathway or feedback cycle?

A

Receptor
Sensory neuron (input)
Integration center
Motor neuron (output)
Effect

25
Q

Reflex used for protecting a body part by pulling away from harmful stimulus

A

Flexor reflex

Polysynaptic
Ipsilateral

26
Q

Your palms sweat due to:

A

Increases sympathetic stimulation of sweat glands possessing alpha 1 receptors

27
Q

Tissue that composed serous membranes epithelial layer

A

Simple squamous

28
Q

Can move mucous out of the trachea

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

29
Q

One of the strongest tissues in the body. Located in intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

30
Q

What membrane opens to the outside of the body?

A

Mucous

31
Q

Tissue contains muscatinc receptors for thermoregulation over the entire body except the skin

A

Stratified cuboidal

32
Q

Active form of vitamin D

A

Calcitriol

33
Q

Osteoblast activity is increased and osteoclast activity is decreased

A

Estrogen, calcitonin

34
Q

Released into the blood via adrenal gland

A

NE or epinephrine

35
Q

Increases chondrocyte activity in the proliferation zone

A

IGF

36
Q

Increases blood calcium levels

A

PTH

37
Q

What system releases ACh and Ne

A

Sympathetic

38
Q

What neurons always release ACh in both systems?

A

Preganglionic neurons

39
Q

If an effector is Dually innervated, the effectors will receive

A

ACh and NE

40
Q

Where would ACh be mimicked by nicotine?

A

Adrenal medullae cells

41
Q

An increase in digestion would be caused by what system and sequence

A

Parasympathetic
ACh , muscarinic

42
Q

Area separated into lobed and is lined with gray matter

A

Cerebrum

43
Q

Mixed cranial nerve, allows face expressions

A

Facial

44
Q

All are considered mixed nerves and can form plexuses

A

Spinal nerve

45
Q

Decussation occurs in the medulla. Another term that describes sensory information entering one side of the body and exiting the opposite side is:

A

Contralateral

46
Q

Myelination occurs in CNS and PNS. What cells myelinate in each system?

A

Schwann PNS
Oligodendrocytes

47
Q

Sequence of events in maintaining homeostasis

A

Receptor, input, control center, output, and effector

48
Q

Detecta and monitors stimuli

A

Sensory receptors

49
Q

Afferent neuron

A

Sensory neuron

50
Q

Efferent neuron

A

Motor neuron

51
Q

Someone grabs you by the shoulder. What is the receptor type and what type of neuron?

A

Pacinian
Unipolar

52
Q

Ephedra was taken off the market due to its agonistic adrenergic effects. What did it do?

A

Mimicked the effects of NE

53
Q

Single layer lining alveolar and forming parietal and visceral pericardium

A

Serous membrane simple squamous

54
Q

Tissue that forms exocrine glands

A

Stratified cuboidal

55
Q

Input and output are controlled by what 2 systems?

A

Endocrine and nervous

56
Q

Tissue, multiple layers, that lines esophagus and lines the mouth

A

Stratified squamous

AP I (15 decks)

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