FINAL Flashcards
1
Q
cardiac tissue
A
forms the contractile tissue of theheart ; striated in appearance; under involuntary contractions
2
Q
smooth tissue
A
lack of striations; walls of digestive tract, urinary bladder, & arteries; involuntary control
3
Q
nervous tissue
A
forms a communication & coordination within the body; main cell is a neuron
4
Q
connective tissue
A
synthesizes the matrix; small amount of cells scattered through the matrix
5
Q
loose connective tissue
A
most common; holds organs in place
6
Q
adipose connective tissue
A
contains fats which insulates the body & stores energy
7
Q
blood connective tissue
A
fluid matrix called plasma; transport substances
8
Q
integumentary system
A
skin, hair, nails
9
Q
skeletal system
A
supports body structure & protect organs
10
Q
muscular system
A
produces body movement & body heat
11
Q
nervous system
A
detect changes inside & outside the body
12
Q
endocrine system
A
produce hormones which regulate body activity
13
Q
digestive system
A
converts food molecules into forms that are absorbed
14
Q
respiratory system
A
exchanges gases between air & blood
15
Q
circulatory system
A
transports materials to & from cells; help stabilize the internal pH & temp
16
Q
reproductive system
A
females: eggs
males: produce sperm
17
Q
digestive system
A
convert polymers into monomers to be absorbed by the cell
18
Q
assimilation
A
using absorbed food for growth
19
Q
mechanical digestion
A
teeth & tongue & churning of stomach
20
Q
chemical digestion
A
enzymes break down food into smaller molecules
21
Q
amylase
A
enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in carbs
22
Q
zymogen
A
inactive form of an enzyme
23
Q
salivary gland
A
glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion
24
Q
fundus
A
upper portion of the stomach
25
body
central portion of the stomach
26
pylorus
bottom of stomach
27
cardiac sphincter
opening from the esophagus to the stomach
28
pyloric sphincter
opening from pylorus to intestines
29
function of stomach
temporary storage of food. mixing of food with gastric juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of food into the intestine
30
parietal cells secrete
hydrochloric acid
31
chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
32
duodenum
first part of the small intestine
33
jejunum
middle portion of the small intestine
34
ileum
third part of the small intestine
35
function of the small intestine
digestion & absorption of nutrients
36
cecum
first part of the large intestine
37
colon
middle section of the large intestine
38
rectum
end of large intestine
39
function of large intestine
water absorption & eliminate fecal matter
40
systemic circuit
carries blood between the heartt & the rest of the body
41
liver
site of cholesterol synthesis & detoxify body
42
pancreas
make insulin which controls blood sugar levels
43
which side of the heartt handles oxygen-poor blood
right
44
which side of the heartt handles oxygen rich blood
left
45
arteries
carry blood away from the ♡
46
arterioles
vessels that receive blood from the arteries
47
veins
carry blood to the heartt
48
venules
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
49
capillaries
where gas exchange occurs
50
pulmonary circuit
carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange & returns it to the heartt
51
diastole
heartt is relaxed
52
systole
when heartt contacts
53
dorsal cavity
back or posterior body surface and divided into cranial cavity and vertebral/spinal cavity
54
ventral cavity
front or anterior and divided into thoracic/chest cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
55
scrotal cavity
found only in males-contains the male reproductive organs
56
epithelial tissue
A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out
57
squamous cell
irregular shape, flattened edges
58
muscle tissue
composed of muscle fibers; most abundant tissue type
59
skeletal tissue
attached to bones by tendons; responsible for voluntary movements; striped or striated in appearance
60
pulse
the rhythmic stretching of the arteries caused by the pressure of blood during contraction of ventricles in systole
61
plasma composition
90% water and 10% dissolved salts, proteins, ions, hormones
62
blood composition
55% plasma, 45% formed elements
63
red blood cells
carry oxygen
64
white blood cells
fight infection
65
platelets
blood clotting
66
antigen
molecule that elicits an immune response
67
pathogen
disease-causing agent (viruses, bacteria)
68
antibody
a plasma protein that attaches to an antigen and help counter its effects(y-shaped protein)
69
active immunity
when an antigen enters the body naturally, the body is stimulated to produce antibodies in its own defense(causes long term memory)
70
passive immunity
antibodies are made somewhere else and are injected or passed to another individual(short term memory)
71
antimicrobial proteins
attack microorganisms directly or impede reproduction
72
portal of exit
any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave(cough)
73
portal of entry
any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter(rubbing eyes)
74
specific immune response
activated only when the nonspecific defense mechanisms have failed
75
lymphocytes
white blood cells
76
B cells
secrete antibodies that bind to the pathogen in the bloodstream
77
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies
78
autoimmune disease
immune system turns against the body's own molecules
79
immunodeficiency disease
caused by lack of one of more components of the immune system(susceptible to infections that usually wouldn't cause a problem)
80
sensory input
the conduction of signals from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
81
motor output
conduction of signals from a processing center to effector cells that actually perform the work
82
neurons
main cell of the nervous system: can not be regenerated
83
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight; arouses the body
84
sensory nervous system
detects stimuli & transmits information from receptors to the CNS
85
motor nervous system
performs the work
86
nerves
carries signals in & out of the CNS
87
parasympathetic nervous system
rest & digest; calms body down
88
non-myelinated neruron
makes connections with other neurons; integration(gray matter)(doesn't have myelin sheath)(in the CNS)
89
myelinated neuron
transmission (white matter) (in the PNS)
90
motor neuron
effector neurons; perform the work
91
sensory neurons
affector neurons; perceive the stimuli
92
axon
passing the impulse
93
axonal bulb
site of neurotransmitter synthesis
94
myelin sheath
protects the axon
95
synaptic gap or cleft
the tiny gap at the synapse
96
excitatory synapse
stimulate the propagation of the nerve impulse
97
neurotransmitters
chemicals released from the axonal bulb
98
neuromodulators
chemicals which change the action of neurotransmitters (alcohol)
99
diecephalon
thalamus (relay center) & hypothalamus (links body with mind)
100
testis
structure which houses the seminiferous tubules
101
epididymis
storage compartment for sperm (4 weeks)
102
vas deferens
(sperm duct) tubules which conduct sperms from the epididymis through the penis through ejaculation
103
urethra
carries both urine and sperm to the outside of the body through the penis
104
glans
head of the penis, supplied with nerve endings and is highly sensitive to stimulation
105
meatus
opening in the glans
106
seminal vesicles
secrete a thick, clear fluid which lubricates & nourishes the sperm
107
prostate gland
secretes a milky, alkaline fluid that helps protect the sperm from the natural acidity of the vagina
108
bulbourethral glands
secrete fluid during sexual arousal that help lubricate the urethra thereby helping the sperm move through it. the pre-ejaculatory fluid may contain sperm
109
ovaries
almond-shaped structures which contain 40,000-400,000 follicles
110
fallopian tubes or oviducts
resembles a funnel fringed with fingerlike projections. The mature egg will pass from the ovaries to these tubes to the uterus
111
uterus
womb; active site of pregnancy
112
endometrium
inner lining of the uterus
113
cervix
narrow neck of the uterus
114
labia minora
smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening
115
bartholin's glands
located near the vaginal opening. secrete lubricating fluid during sexual arousal
116
clitoris
sole purpose is sexual arousal
117
menstruation
Last phase of the menstrual cycle in which the lining of the uterus along with blood and the unfertilized ovum are discharged through the vagina.
118
union of sperm & egg is a
zygote
119
By the fourth day after conception, the developing organism is a
morula
120
by the sixth day the morula is called
blastula
121
pituitary gland
master gland; secretes ACTH, FSH, LH
122
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates ovaries
123
luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulates gonads to produce sex hormones
124
parathyroid hormone
produces calcitonin (decrease blood calcium levels)
125
insulin
promotes glycogenesis(production of glycogen) this lowers blood sugar levels
126
first week of delevopment
Fertilization, cleavage, implantation
127
second week of development
gastrulation(formation of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)
128
third week of development
neurulation (development of NS) & initiation of heartt beat
129
fourth week of development
organogenesis (formation of organs)
130
fifth week of development
arm & leg buds form
131
sixth week of development
muscle & skin finish developing
132
seventh & eighth week of development
every major organ in place & functioning embryo becomes fetus
