Final 1 - Infections of the Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Actinomycosis Clinical Features

A

Bacterial infection (tricky, sounds fungal, but it’s not!)

Periapical is the most common orofacial type - can also see on face and neck
Firm swelling with drainage
Visible abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Actinomycosis Histological Appearance

A

Sulfur granules! (yellow granules in pus)
Filamentous Gram positive bacteria
Radiating Neutrophil band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actinicomycosis Treatment

A

Penicillin

I guess Amoxicillin works if we need to write the prescription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Other soft tissue bacterial infection Clinical Features

A

Associated with immunocompromised pts

Abscess with pain, swelling, drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other soft tissue bacterial infection Treatment

A

Identify underlying problem
Incision and drainage
Culture
Antibiotics (Amoxicillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Superficial Fungal Infections

A

Candida (C. albicans)- Acute, Chronic, Median Rhomboid Glossitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deep Fungal Infections

A

Histoplasmosis
Zygomycosis
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Candida Predisposition Factors

A
Hyposalivation
Dentures
Diabetes
Iron/B12 deficiency
Immunocompromise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute Candidiasis Clinical Features

A

Rapid onset

Pseudomembranous (Thrush):
Yellow-white plaques and papules that scrape off red base

Atrophic: Angular chelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Angular Chelitis Clinical Features

A

Acute candidiasis of corners of mouth

Cracked, fissured, weepy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic Candidiasis Clinical Features

A

Atrophic: bright, red sore area under denture

Hyperplastic: chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis
Looks like leukoplakia, doesn’t wipe off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Candidiasis Treatment

A

Nystatin Suspension
Topical Antifungals
Fluconazole if systemic needed

Treat denture with chlorox (plastic) or nystatin (metal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Median Rhomboid Glossitis Clinical Features

A

Candida infection of midline tongue anterior to circumvallate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Candidiasis Histological Appearance

A

Penetrating hyphae, spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Deep Fungal Infections Clinical Appearance

A

Persistent single necrotic ulcer (fungi occlude blood vessels)

Zygomycosis - persistant sinus infection in diabetics

Cryptococcosis - meningitis in HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Viral Infections

A
Herpes Simplex
Erythema Multiforme
Varicella-Zoster
Post-herpetic Neuralgia
Hairy Leukoplakia
CMV
HHV-8
HPV
Coxsackie virus & Enterovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Herpes Simplex Pathology

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Lives in ganglia & can reactive (especially during stress, trauma)
Young, immunocompromised

18
Q

Herpes Simplex Clinical Features

A

Mucosal sores - vesicles, ulcers

Herpes labialis, gingiva

19
Q

Herpes Simplex Treatment

A

Hydration
Topical pain control (lidocaine)
Antivirals (Acyclovir, Valcyclovir)
Culture to rule out shingles

20
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to HSV
Crusting, hemorrhagic blisters and ulcers on lips

Steven-Johnson Syndrome - eye & genital involvement

21
Q

Erythema Multiforme Treatment

A

Antivirals

Pain control - lidocaine & benedryl

22
Q

Varicella-Zoster Clinical Features

A

Primary - Chicken Pox
multiple itchy red vesicles all over

Secondary - Shingles
single dermatome, unilateral
multiple painful red vesicles

23
Q

Varicella-Zoster Treatment

A

Hydration
Antivirals
Pain control

24
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia Pathology

A

EBV infection in epithelial cells

Immunocompromised

25
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia Clinical Features

A

White plaque on lateral tongue or buccal mucosa
Painless, vertical fissures
May also have candida infection

26
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia Treatment

A

No tx unless candida (antifungal)

27
Q

CMV Infection Clinical Features

A

Single/multiple persistant large painful ulcers

Immunocompromised

28
Q

CMV Treatment

A

Biopsy

Antiviral

29
Q

HHV-8 Pathology

A

Associated with Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS

30
Q

HHV-8 Treatment

A

For Kaposi sarcoma:
Biopsy
Excision
Radiation

31
Q

HPV Pathology

A

> 100 subtypes
Warts or dysplasia leading to SCC

Verruca vulgaris - white keratotic projections
Papilloma - soft, pink
Condyloma - large

32
Q

HPV Treatment

A

Excision if needed

33
Q

Coxsackie virus & Enterovirus Treatment

A

Supportive care

34
Q

Coxsackie virus and Enterovirus Clinical Features

A

Hand-Foot-Mouth disease
Children
Oropharyngeal ulcers
Lesions on hands and feet

35
Q

Mycobacterial Infections

A

Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Mycobacterium avian (MAI)

36
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Primary - lung

Secondary - nodules or ulcer in mouth (mucosa, tongue)

Caseating granulomas

37
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae attacks nerve fibers

Painless deformation, auto-amputation

Non-caseating granulomas

38
Q

Leprosy Treatment

A

Dapsone

39
Q

MAI

A

Rare, seen with HIV

Rarely causes granulomas

40
Q

Spirochetal Infections

A

Borrelia vincentis - NUG
Syphillis
Borrelia burgdorferi - Lyme

41
Q

NUG Treatment

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

Antibiotics

42
Q

Syphilis Clinical Features

A

Primary - chancre - painless ulcer

Congenital - Hutchinson incisor, Mulberry molar