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Medical Imaging- Nicole Calvin > Film Screen > Flashcards

Film Screen Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Radiographic Processing

Chemical tanks, roller transport system and dryer

A

Automatic Processing

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2
Q

What turns the image permanently visible or a manifest image?

A

Exposure of the silver bromide crystals in the emulsion by light or x-ray photons creates the latent image and initiates the conversion process

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3
Q

Types of phosphors

A
  • most common- some elements from rare earth group
  • Rare earth elements (57-71 atomic # on periodic table)
  • Rare earth absorbs more x-rays, then converts to visible light more efficiently
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4
Q

Operate by process of luminescence- emission of light from screen when stimulated by radiation

A
  • Florescence ability to emit visible light

* Phosphorescence screen phosphors continue to emit light after exposure ends, screen lag/after glow

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5
Q

The protective layer is made up of what and protects what?

A

plastic

fragile phosphor

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6
Q

What is the most important layer in the intensifying screens?

A

Phosphor or active layer- absorbs transmitted x-rays and converts them to visible light

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7
Q

What layer reflects or absorb light

A

Reflecting or absorbing layer

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8
Q

The bottom layer of the intensifying screens is what and made up of what?

A

Base
polyester or cardboard
provides support and stability for phosphor layer
(refer to Pg. 115 box 5.3 in fauber)

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9
Q

Intensifying Screens

A
  • placed in cassettes
  • front screen tube; opposite is back screen
  • double emulsion exposed to twice as much light as single emulsion due to both sides being exposed
  • single screen is mounted as back screen opposite the tube side
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10
Q

Ability of radiographic film to provide level of image contrast

A

Contrast
(high- more black and white areas)
(low- more shades of grey)

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11
Q

What are the two categories of spectral sensitivity

A

blue sensitive and green sensitive

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12
Q

Refers to color of light produced by the intensifying screen, blue and green light emitting

A

Spectral Emission

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13
Q

Refers to correct match of film and screens

A

Spectral Matching

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14
Q

Failure to match will result in what?

A

Suboptimal density

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15
Q

What do intensifying screens do?

A

Convert x-rays images into light

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16
Q

What chemical compound emits visible light when struck by radiation

A

phosphor

17
Q

Purpose of screens-

A

reduce radiation dose to patient - less mAs

18
Q

______ _______ is coated on both sides of the base with layer of supercoat and is used with two intensifying screens

A

Double Emulsion

19
Q

______ ________ coated with only one layer; used with single intensifying screen used for mammography?

A

Single Emulsion

20
Q

Characteristics of Single Emulsion

A
  • Anticurl/antihalation layer is colored backing on single emulsion that prevents curling and halation
  • halation is (light reflected back to expose the emulsion a second time)
  • light reflected back comes from intensifying screen
21
Q

Sensitivity or speed affected by silver halide crystals in the emulsion both number and size of crystals;

A

As they increase film speed increases

22
Q

Film Characteristics

A

manufactures can manipulate speed with changes in the number and size of the crystals

23
Q

Image that exists on the film after exposure and processing- typically called radiographic image

A

Manifest Image

24
Q

What are the two general types of film

A

Direct exposure and screen film

25
Q

Characteristics of Direct exposure

A
  • non screen film
  • single emulsion thicker than screen film requires more development time
  • requires more exposure may need manual processing, used for oral/dental imaging
  • Ready packs of radiation therapy film for port film localization may/may not be placed in cardboard cassette
26
Q

Characteristics of Scatter Film

A
  • Used with one or two intensifying screens
  • more sensitive to light and less sensitive to radiation
  • emulsion layers thinner than direct exposure and require less development
  • requires less radiation exposure
  • can have single- double emulsion
27
Q

What effects the quality of the film?

A

Kvp

28
Q

What effects the quantity of the film?

A

mAs

29
Q

Film Screen Combination-

A
  • film screen-systems are classified by RS factor
  • RS factor speed range from 50-800
  • extremity film screen- 100
  • routine high speed- 400
30
Q

Radiographic film used in a cassette with intensifying screens is the most common image receptor today

A

Double emulsion

31
Q

What does film record

A

the image produced by intensifying screens

32
Q

The rigid, light tight container that holds the screen and film in close contact

A

Cassette

33
Q

What are the layers of the film

A

Outside- supercoat, durable protective layer damage to sensitive emulsion layer
Next layer- emulsion radiation and light sensitive layer- consist of silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin
Final Layer

34
Q

What does the final layer in the base contain

A

a blue dye tint to reduce eye strain when viewing finished radiograph

35
Q

Image which exists on film after film has been exposed and before processing

A

latent image

36
Q

Silver Halide

A

Material that is sensitive to radiation and light, silver bromide (AgBr) and silver iodide make up the emulsion layer of the film

37
Q

AgBr

A

90-99%

38
Q

Agl

A

1-10%

39
Q

Exact formulation Proprietary Information

A

Business only- Super Secrete

Medical Imaging- Nicole Calvin (9 decks)

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