File 6 Flashcards
Proposition
Claim expressed by a sentence.
Truth value
Proposition’s ability to be true or false.
Truth conditions
Conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for some proposition to be true.
Entailment
If proposition a is true the proposition in b is also true. Truth of a guarantees the truth of b.
Mutual entailment
When two propositions entail one another.
Incompatible
Propositions that would be impossible for both of them to be true
Principle of compositionality
Meaning of a sentence is a function of the meanings of the words it contains, and how these words are syntactically combined.
Compositional
Meanings of multi-word expressions are predictable from the meanings of words and their syntactic combination.
Pure intersection
Adjectival combination. The intersection contains the set of entities that are both in the set.
Non-intersection
An adjective that does not require reference to the objects denoted by the noun.
Anti-intersection adjectives
Adjectives like ‘fake’.
Semantics
Subfield of linguistics that studies meaning in language.
Lexical semantics
Meanings of words and other lexical expressions.
Compositional semantics
Phrasal meanings and how they are assembled.
Sense
One of the two aspects of linguistic meaning. An expression as some kind of mental representation of its meaning, or some kind of concept.
Reference
one of two aspects of linguistic meaning. By knowing the sense of some expression, knowing the relationship.
Referents
Particular entities in the world which some expression refers.
Mental image
A word’s meaning that is stored in our mind.
Prototype
The default mental image associated with a word.
Hyponymy
One kind of word meaning relation.
hypernym/ sister terms
If the reference is on the same level hierarchy.
Synonymy
Two words have exactly the same reference.
Antonymy
Meanings that are related but contrast.
Gradable
Everything must be one or the other or neither but not both
Converses
Two opposing points view.
Reverses
right/left; inside/outside; put together/take apart
Gradable antonyms
wet/dry; easy/hard; old/young; love/hate
synonymy
couch/sofa; quick/rapid;
Complementary
If there is nothing in the world that is part pf both x’s reference and y’s reference.
Complementary antonyms
married/unmarried; existent/nonexistent; alive/dead; win/lose
