File 6

Question 1

Proposition

Answer 1

Claim expressed by a sentence.

Question 2

Truth value

Answer 2

Proposition’s ability to be true or false.

Question 3

Truth conditions

Answer 3

Conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for some proposition to be true.

Question 4

Entailment

Answer 4

If proposition a is true the proposition in b is also true. Truth of a guarantees the truth of b.

Question 5

Mutual entailment

Answer 5

When two propositions entail one another.

Question 6

Incompatible

Answer 6

Propositions that would be impossible for both of them to be true

Question 7

Principle of compositionality

Answer 7

Meaning of a sentence is a function of the meanings of the words it contains, and how these words are syntactically combined.

Question 8

Compositional

Answer 8

Meanings of multi-word expressions are predictable from the meanings of words and their syntactic combination.

Question 9

Pure intersection

Answer 9

Adjectival combination. The intersection contains the set of entities that are both in the set.

Question 10

Non-intersection

Answer 10

An adjective that does not require reference to the objects denoted by the noun.

Question 11

Anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 11

Adjectives like ‘fake’.

Question 12

Semantics

Answer 12

Subfield of linguistics that studies meaning in language.

Question 13

Lexical semantics

Answer 13

Meanings of words and other lexical expressions.

Question 14

Compositional semantics

Answer 14

Phrasal meanings and how they are assembled.

Question 15

Sense

Answer 15

One of the two aspects of linguistic meaning. An expression as some kind of mental representation of its meaning, or some kind of concept.

Question 16

Reference

Answer 16

one of two aspects of linguistic meaning. By knowing the sense of some expression, knowing the relationship.

Question 17

Referents

Answer 17

Particular entities in the world which some expression refers.

Question 18

Mental image

Answer 18

A word’s meaning that is stored in our mind.

Question 19

Prototype

Answer 19

The default mental image associated with a word.

Question 20

Hyponymy

Answer 20

One kind of word meaning relation.

Question 21

hypernym/ sister terms

Answer 21

If the reference is on the same level hierarchy.

Question 22

Synonymy

Answer 22

Two words have exactly the same reference.

Question 23

Antonymy

Answer 23

Meanings that are related but contrast.

Question 24

Gradable

Answer 24

Everything must be one or the other or neither but not both

Question 25

Converses

Answer 25

Two opposing points view.

Question 26

Reverses

Answer 26

right/left; inside/outside; put together/take apart

Question 27

Gradable antonyms

Answer 27

wet/dry; easy/hard; old/young; love/hate

Question 28

synonymy

Answer 28

couch/sofa; quick/rapid;

Question 29

Complementary

Answer 29

If there is nothing in the world that is part pf both x’s reference and y’s reference.

Question 30

Complementary antonyms

Answer 30

married/unmarried; existent/nonexistent; alive/dead; win/lose