Chapter 4

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

Question 2

Affixation

Answer 2

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

Morphemes are joined together loosely making it easy to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

One of a set of nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar.
(of the same morpheme)

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

Have to do with the sounds in a particular word pair or larger word set, mark morphological distinctions

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

Words that can be associated with more than one meaning

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

Made up of sequences of free morphemes-each word consists of a single morpheme, used by itself with meaning and function intact

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

Affixes that cannot stand alone. Morphemes that always attaches itself to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself.

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

Rarely acquire new members. Include pronouns, determiners, prepositions and conjunctions.

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

Process that forms new words from two or more independent words

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

Function words (and, but, however)

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

Have more concrete meaning. Carries more semantic content.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs. nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

In phonology an underlying form is changed. In morphology a process that changes a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way. Takes one word and performs one or more operations on it.

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a, this, your. The name of a lexical and syntactic category. When combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

Question 17

form

Answer 17

Structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to string of words

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

Another subtype of synthetic language, words are formed by adding bound morphemes to stems, the affixes may not be easy to separate from the stem

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word, or among constituents in a phrase. Structure can be schematically represented by a tree diagram that indicates the steps involved in the formation of the word.

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

Affixes that sound alike but have different meanings or functions

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word. objects to verbs.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

Type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

Morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information such as person, number, tense, gender

Question 27

input

Answer 27

Stems with which a given affix may combine normally belong to the same lexical category

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

Parts of speech. Classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them.

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

Mental dictionary

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

Smallest linguistic unit with a meaning

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

Study of how words are constructed out of morphemes

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. New words added to the language.

Question 33

output

Answer 33

Words that are formed when an affix attaches to a stem

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

Process of forming new words by doubling part of the free morpheme

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

Attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

on, of, under, for. lexical and syntactic category.

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

rules that speakers are able to apply to form novel words

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

closed lexical categories. we, she, they.

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

Morpheme that is repeated

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

Forming new words by doubling entire word

Question 42

root

Answer 42

Words that contributes most semantic content to the word and which affixes can attach

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

Articulated at the same time as some other affix in a word’s stem (exists only in visual gestural languages)

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

base consisting of one or more morphemes to which an affix is added. always includes threat and may also include one or more affixes

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

affix that attaches to the end of a stem

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

Roots that have one or more inflected forms phonetically unrelated to the shape of the root