Field work

Question 1

accurate

Answer 1

how close a measurement is to its true value

Question 2

precise

Answer 2

related to the smallest scale of division on the equipment

Question 3

representative

Answer 3

sample is typical of whole population/area

Question 4

reliable

Answer 4

the data is consistent; results will be similar when repeating the same thing

Question 5

valid

Answer 5

method is measuring the right thing and relevant to study

Question 6

what is the land use like around river tillingbourne

Answer 6

abinger farm - lower course
road, shops next to it

Question 7

My Physical fieldwork title

Answer 7

to investigate the changes downstream on the River Tillingbourne

Question 8

My physical fieldwork hypothesis

Answer 8

The discharge will increase going downstream the river because cross section area increases and there is more deposition.

Question 9

What is CSA

Answer 9

cross sectional area = width x length

Question 10

Why are we using river tillingbourne for field work

Answer 10

• river is close to A25 which makes the sites easily accessible and easy to travel between sites
• river is only 19km long which is good because the change in the river can be seen in a short distance.
• river has small drainage basin (only 59km) which is good because river is shallow, small and narrow so it is easy to study lengths.

Question 11

Methods for each course of the river

Answer 11

For width use a tape measure across the river - bank to bank. Keep ruler straight and hold tight for accuracy.

For depth use meter ruler, holding it perpendicular to water inside. Mark the length on the surface of the water. For accuracy measure at eye level with smallest edge of ruler facing flow of water.

For velocity drop a cork and record how long it takes to travel a distance of 2m. For accuracy use a stop watch and drop the cork earlier to allow it to reach maximum speed.

Repeat 5 times for reliability and compare with others.

Question 12

Limitations to primary methods in physical fieldwork

Answer 12

Human error - stop watch stopped/started too early/late.
Unaware that rocks or plants could be at the base of the river bed interfering with river flow or affecting the actual depth. Bank edges aren’t straight. Cork can get stuck in plants growing above surface of river. Other people doing the same fieldwork could interfere.

Question 13

Hazards along river tillingbourne and ways to prevent

Answer 13

Long grass - tics = wear long trousers
Water - drowning = no pushing, people spaced out if inside river.
Water - disease - don’t touch water directly with hand and then touch mouth, wear gloves, sanitize hands after.

Question 14

what is primary data

Answer 14

Data that ahs been collected first hand through methods + specific to research.

Question 15

what is secondary data

Answer 15

Data already collected and available that can be used second hand e.g census data or records

Question 16

what is qualitative data

Answer 16

Descriptive data that is collected/obtained through observations and human perspective

Question 17

what is quantative data

Answer 17

Numerical data which has been measured e.g calculating population or using measurements

Question 18

What is my title for my Human fieldwork

Answer 18

How does quality of life vary in Reigate

Question 19

What is quality of Life

Answer 19

a concept which aims to capture the well being, whether of a population or individual, regarding both positive and negative elements at a specific point in time

Question 20

Describe the geographical theory which underpins my human field work enquiry

Answer 20

The World Health Organisation defines Quality of Life as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a UK-government qualitative study measuring deprivation at small-area level across England. The 7 different dimensions of deprivation are: income, employment, health and disability, education skills and training, crime, barriers to housing and services and living environment. Deprivation is the degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services and amenities. There are many different types and levels of deprivation including poor and overcrowded housing, inadequate diet, inadequate income and lack of
opportunity for employment.

Question 21

where is Reigate

Answer 21

south east england
in county of surrey
relatively close to london

Question 22

Why are we using reigate

Answer 22

local to school
Can return easy - repeat measurements
Low risk as students are familiar
There is a range of urban land uses within a small area

Question 23

What is systematic sampling in relation to my fieldwork - advantages and disadvantages

Answer 23

Means working to a system to collect data, e.g Every 10m along a road to record land use or environmental quality. So no bias but might not be representative.

e.g human:
Doing environmental survey every 75m
Taking a soundscape for 1 minute
Recording car types every 100m stationary
e.g physical
River flow velocity is found using a 2m distance in each area of a river with cork

Question 23

What is random sampling in relation to my fieldwork - advantages and disadvantages

Answer 23

Where samples are chosen fairly randomly and every person has an equal chance of being selected so no bias/
But might miss something = not representative

e.g human:
Car survey, epitome words, soundscape

e.g physical:
Taking measurements in random areas of each course of the River Tillingbourne

Question 24

What is stratified sampling in relation to my fieldwork - advantages and disadvantages

Answer 24

Means collecting a sample made up of different parts, for example deliberately selecting samples of different people within an area so you include the whole range of people found there. So representative but introduces bias.

e.g human:
environmental survey - comparing opinions with other students
e.g physical
environmental survey of the land uses around each course of a river

Question 25

Hazards for human fieldwork and how to prevent

Answer 25

traffic - lots of cars = Students to only cross roads at pedestrian crossings, be aware of surrounding at all times, stop, look, listen. Students remember to stay on pedestrian pavements and not take risks, knowing they’re in no rush.

strangers - mugging - Students to stay in groups of a minimum of 4 at all times. Keep valuables in bags. Don’t give out any personal information.
Contact teachers on Teams if feel in any risk, call 999 if risk is serious.

bad weather - check app beforehand, bring appropriate gear e.g raincoat, umbrella, sun hat, sun cream, wellies, gloves

Question 26

Primary methods for human fieldwork

Answer 26

Environmental quality survey
Soundscape
Epitome words
Car survey

Question 27

Secondary methods for human fieldwork

Answer 27

IMD - Index of multiple deprivation
Newspapers
Census

Question 28

Advantage of IMD

Answer 28

Allows for comparisons to be seen across space (counties in UK)
reveals lots about socio economic picture
able to view more than just Reigate

Question 29

Disadvantage of IMD

Answer 29

doesn’t reveal perspectives or experiences of people
can’t understand peoples feelings and attitudes about quality of life

Question 30

what did the IMD reveal about Reigate

Answer 30

quality of life increases north + east
however must be careful when generalising

Question 31

What is the census

Answer 31

a procedure systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about a population about a place. takes place every 10 years and gives us a picture of all people’s lives in English and Welsh households - most recent one was 2021

Question 31

How reliable is the IMD

Answer 31

the majority of the data used to calculate the indices of the IMD is administratively identified
This means that the IMD is relatively accurate because it is government source data. Therefore we can be sure quality of life does improve as you travel northwards from Reigate to Woodhatch or moving eastwards. However this IMD was taken is 2019 so we must be mindful that the data could have changed between then and the present day.

Question 32

Advantage of census

Answer 32

more specific detail of each household
categories for health, education and qualifications = representative
Visually accurate = tells us socio-economic characteristics of areas
Each decade you can see and compare trends overtime e.g 2011-2021

Question 33

Disadvantages of census

Answer 33

Doesn’t tell us lived experiences of people - no feelings or attitudes of population
Only takes place every 10 years - inaccurate

Question 34

how reliable is the census

Answer 34

carried by the office of national statistics which is a government body = relatively trust worthy and accurate = we can be confident with data produced
Only happens every 10 years - doesn’t paint changing socioeconomic picture

Question 34

what does the census reveal about Reigate

Answer 34

there is a pattern to deprivation - quality of Reigate tends to be better in south than to north
Reigate has a higher quality of life than a significant amount of other UK towns/cities

Question 35

My physical enquiry data presentation method

Answer 35

Bar chart
y axis = level of discharge
x axis = course of river

Question 36

My human enquiry data presentation

Answer 36

Bar chart for environmental quality survey
Y axis = how many/much buildings, traffic, green space, general quality seen

and annotated photos

Question 37

What did my human fieldwork data presentation show

Answer 37

Site 1 had lower quality overall than site 3
Site 3 = most buildings, traffic, green space, general quality
site 1 had more buildings than site 2

Question 38

what were my sites for human enquiry

Answer 38

Norther

Crescent road
Priory drive
Sanhills road

Souther

Question 39

Analysis of annotated photos

Answer 39

These reveal significant insights into the Qol of Reigate. These images when analysed have showcased
aspects such as the
infrastructure, green spaces, community, facilities and overall the liveability of Reigate. For instance the well maintained roads and modern amenities indicate a high QoL of Reigate. Conversely, some annotations pointed out issues such as a lack of rubbish control in some areas which may impact the environment and ruin the living standards for some residents.

Question 40

reliability of environmental quality surveys in human fieldwork

Answer 40

method supports conclusions to some extent. By splitting Reigate into zones to be specific 15 locations of streets were sampled which meant a good representation of the area was achieved. Problems with data collections: the subjective nature of carrying out an EQs: One persons view is different from somebody else’s. → someone could over/underscore on their EQS. The EQs graded only environmental qualities on a score of -2 to +2 = relatively small scale = hard to differentiate good or bad so next time do larger scale

Question 41

conclusions of human fieldwork

Answer 41

quality of life improves south to north in Reigate
some evidence to suggest places higher up had higher prices - more desirable?

Question 42

conclusions of physical fieldwork

Answer 42

discharge increases down river - width and depth increases
Land use also increased - flatter e.g farming + more human action e.g shops in abinger hammer