Field Sanitation and Hygiene Flashcards
Five F’s
Feet
Face
Front
Fanny
Fingers
link to break the fecal-oral chain of infection
hand washing
common diseases
gastrointestinal
skin
respiratory
which disease spreads fecal-orally
gastrointestinal
which disease spreads fast in overcrowded situations
respiratory
types of skin irritations
Heat rash
Sunburn
Fungal infection
Cellulitis
can be an irritating issue if the uniform is not worn correctly with sunscreen
heat rash
Important to wear sun block to prevent and wear uniform properly or else
sunburn
an infection of the hair, skin or nails
fungal infection
is a serious bacterial infection in the deepest layer of the skin
cellulitis
how to prevent vector-borne diseases
Ensuring personnel are current on immunizations will help to prevent disease spread
Educating personnel on DoD insect repellent systems, avoidance, using DEET on skin and Permethrin on clothing
additional protection measures for vector-borne diseases
Kevlar
Tent liners
Bed nets
Types of environmental illnesses
heat/cold injuries
Brief muscle cramps or spasms may occur due to lack of fluid intake and loss of electrolytes
Heat cramp
medical emergency and the most dangerous
heat stroke
dizziness, weakness, headaches, profuse sweating and tingling in extremities
heat exhaustion
prevention of heat injuries
Work/rest cycles
Maintain good physical condition
Drink plenty of fluids
Skin is hard to the touch, white, and has a waxy appearance
frostbite
Loss of body heat due to long exposure to cold. A confused mental state may also occur
hypothermia
prevention of cold injuries
Wear loose layered clothing
Change clothes if they get wet
Wear warm head gear
Do not consume alcohol
Liquid waste includes:
wash, bath water and liquid kitchen wastes
how is wastewater usually disposed of?
in the soil by soakage pits or trenches
predominately latrine water that contains human waste
black water
collection from showers, laundry, and kitchen wastes
grey water
water that contains grease, soap and other solid components that will potentially clog up the soakage pits
greasy water
used to ensure grey waste water has an effective disposal method
soakage pits
is the most effective way of removing grease to allow the liquid waste to enter the soakage pit and prevent clogging
baffle grease trap
how is solid waste properly disposed of?
in a manner that will prevent filth flies and other pests from inhabiting the area
what falls under solid waste?
human, medical, and hazardous waste
preferred method for solid waste disposal
(trash bins/dumpsters)
contract-out
host nation must agree and must be covered with 6 inches of dirt to discourage bird activity
landfill
the last option for solid waste disposal
burn pit
solid waste:
preferred method for overnight stays
bury
a very efficient and expedient method of garbage disposal
stays for 2 days or more
continuous trench
types of medical waste
Equipment and supplies
Mortuary affairs
has the potential to be an infection control hazard with chemicals that may be hazardous to dispose of
Mortuary affairs
Management of medical waste
Keep secure
Contract-out
seat requirements for males and females
Males: 4 per 100
Females: 6 per 100
seat requirements:
emergency purposes
50 people per latrine
is used and dug by each person for his or her individual use. It is most frequently used by personnel on the go
cat-hole latrine
I. A trench that is used for 1-3 days.
II. Since there are no seats on this type of latrine, boards may be placed along both sides of the trench to provide sure footing.
III. Essential tools are an entrenching tool, so each person can promptly cover his or her excrement. Toilet paper is placed on suitable holders and protected from bad weather by a tin can or other covering.
straddle trench latrine
Used for longer periods of time (2 weeks or less)
Deep pit latrine
may be used when it is difficult to dig a deep pit latrine
burn-out latrine
In environments where the presence of a high water table or rock formations near the surface of the ground prevents the digging of a waste pit of adequate depth
mound latrine
used when legal restrictions prohibit the use of other field latrines
chemical latrine
36 inch pipes are placed at each corner of a soakage pit and, if needed, on the sides halfway between the corners
urinal pipe latrine
transportable pallets that are easy to move from one location to another
Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources (BEAR)
which type of latrine is used for SHORT stays (one day or less)
cat-hole latrine
which type of latrine is used for TEMPORARY STAYS (1-3 days)
straddle trench latrine
which type of latrine is used for TEMPORARY CAMP (2 weeks or less)
deep pit latrine
urine soakage pits
which type of latrine is used for lengths longer than 30 days
chemical toilets
BEAR
required locations for handwashing
latrine
dining facility
medical facility
importance of handwashing
unwashed skin can be an open invitation for infection and diseases transmission
