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PHA BLK 8 > CBRNE Agents > Flashcards

CBRNE Agents Flashcards

1
Q

a chemical substance, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man, animals and plants

A

chemical warfare agents

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2
Q

Chemical warfare agents are distinguished by

A

their effects on human physiology

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3
Q

potentially lethal chemical agent which interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses

A

nerve agents

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4
Q

a chemical agent which injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the skin
also referred to as a vesicant agent

A

blister agent

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5
Q

a chemical compound, including the cyanide group that affects bodily functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by the body

A

blood agent

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6
Q

a chemical agent that causes severe irritation or swelling of the respiratory tract
also called pulmonary agents

A

choking agent

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7
Q

A. Explosive shells
B. Rockets
C. Missiles
D. Bombs
E. Mines
F. Spray devices
G. Contaminated Food and Water

A

methods of delivery for chemical agents

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8
Q

deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants

A

bioterrorism

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9
Q

Bioterrorism factors:

A

Natural occurring/designer agents
Difficult to detect
Spread from person to person

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10
Q

Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bioterrorism agents can be separated into three categories

A

A, B, C

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11
Q

CDC categorizes bioterrorism agents depending on?

A

depending on how easily they can be spread and the severity of illness or death they cause

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12
Q

Highest Priority/Risk to the public and nation

A

category A

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13
Q

Transmission: They can be easily spread or transmitted from person to person

A

category A

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14
Q

Mortality: They result in high death rates and have the potential for major PH impact

A

category A

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15
Q

Public panic: They might cause public panic and social disruption

A

category A

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16
Q

Special action required: They require special action for PH preparedness

A

category A

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17
Q

Examples:
Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

A

category A

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18
Q

Second Highest Priority/Risk to the public and nation

A

category B

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19
Q

Transmission: They are moderately easy to spread

A

category B

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20
Q

Morbidity/Mortality: They result in moderate illness rates and low death rates

A

category B

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21
Q

Laboratory Enhancement/Disease Monitoring: They require specific enhancements of CDC’s laboratory capacity and enhanced disease monitoring

A

category B

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22
Q

Third Highest Priority/Risk include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass spread in the future

A

category C

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23
Q

Biological agents can be spread through:

A

air
water/food
dermal/percutaneous

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24
Q

Portal of Entry
Inhalation

A

Air

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25
Q

Portal of Entry
Ingestion

A

Water/Food

26
Q

Portal of Entry
Mucous membranes or abrasions

A

Dermal/Percutaneous

27
Q

Favorable conditions
Pre-dawn Inversion Flat terrain
Wind <20mph

A

Air

28
Q

Radioactive materials that cause damage from alpha, beta, and neutron particles or gamma rays

A

Radiation Emergency

29
Q

Different types of radiation dispersal devices (RDD) are used to disseminate radioactive material that is a non-nuclear detonation

A

intentional acts (terrorist)

30
Q

types of intentional acts

A

a. Spreading radioactive material
b. Bombing

31
Q

Due to the commercial aspect of radioactive materials, they are prone to accidental contamination when stored, transported, or in use

A

unintentional acts

32
Q

types of unintentional acts

A

a. Nuclear Reactor Accidents (commercial power plant) -
b. Transportation accidents

33
Q

two forms of radiation

A

ionizing
non-ionizing

34
Q

types of ionizing radiation

A

Alpa
Beta
Gamma
Neutron

35
Q

Only harmful if internalized, not if outside the body
Once they enter the body through ingestion or inhalation they damage internal organs and tissues
They are stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of skin

A

Alpha

36
Q

may cause skin burns and will be harmful if ingested. Particles are stopped by clothing or a few millimeters of aluminum

A

Beta

37
Q

may penetrate the skin and destroy living cells and is stopped by several feet of concrete or a couple inches of lead

A

gamma

38
Q

emitted only during detonation and is 20 times more harmful than Gamma particles

A

neutron

39
Q

Has less energy and is not strong enough to affect the structure of atoms it contacts, but is strong enough to heat tissue and cause harmful effects

A

non-ionizing

40
Q

Non-ionizing is characterized as

A

a laser, microwave and radio waves

41
Q

Environments where there has been a deliberate or accidental attack or contamination

A

nuclear agent emergency

41
Q

most destructive man-made force

A

nuclear weapons

42
Q

Nuclear weapons can be deployed in several unique methods:

A

Air burst
Surface blast
Sub-surface blast

43
Q

employed when the maximum amount of destruction is desired at ground level
most effective nuclear delivery method

A

Air burst

44
Q

used when targeting an object just below the earth’s surface

A

surface blast

45
Q

used when seeking to destroy targets deep under the earth’s surface. This will cause a significant ground shock and a large crater

A

sub-surface blast

46
Q

types of injuries from nuclear weapons

A

blast
thermal

47
Q

Ionizing radiation emitted by the nuclear blast
Consists of neutrons, alpha and beta particles and gamma rays

A

nuclear radiation

48
Q

emits one minute after a nuclear detonation

A

Residual radiation (aka fallout)

49
Q

Any conventional weapon or device that is capable of high order destruction or disruption and/or used in manner as to harm a large number of people

A

high yield emergency

50
Q

produces a supersonic over pressurization shock wave

A

high-explosive (HE)

51
Q

creates a subsonic explosion and lack HE’s over pressurization wave

A

Low-order explosives (LE)

52
Q

Implies standard military-issued, mass produced, and quality- tested weapons

A

manufactured

53
Q

Weapons produced in small quantities, or use of device outside is intended purpose

A

improvised

54
Q

I. Epidemiologic Data
II. Food Vulnerability Assessment
III. Education
IV. Team up with BE to gather information and conduct area survey.
V. Support other organizations to establish a plan ensuring that all threats are considered and appropriate resources are used.
VI. Provide the Commander with current information on the incident.

A

PH responsibilities

55
Q

I. Samples for Analysis
II. Recommendations
III. Risk Communication
IV. Water Vulnerability Assessment
V. Monitor personal dosimeters
VI. Nuclear and Radiological Samples

A

BE responsibilities

56
Q

Conduct health risk assessment/health hazard control measures

A

BE

57
Q

Vaccines/Immunizations: Anthrax and Smallpox vaccines.
Chemoprophylaxis: Ciprofloxin for Anthrax.

A

Pre-attack

58
Q

Physical protection: covering mouth with protective mask, surgical mask, High- Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter and exposed skin.

A

During attack

59
Q

Decontamination: Soap & warm water.
0.5% Chlorine (Cl) solutions on skin. 5% Cl solution on equipment.

A

Post attack

60
Q

symptoms of nerve agent

A

i. Runny nose
ii. Tightness in chest / Breathing difficulties
iii. Nausea / Vomiting
iv. Cramps / Twitching of large muscle groups

61
Q

What kind of control measures do you use for Nerve agents?

A

MOPP-4
Decontamination
Chemoprophylaxis/Nerve Agent Antidote Injectors

PHA BLK 8 (8 decks)

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