CBRNE Agents

Question 1

a chemical substance, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man, animals and plants

Answer 1

chemical warfare agents

Question 2

Chemical warfare agents are distinguished by

Answer 2

their effects on human physiology

Question 3

potentially lethal chemical agent which interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 3

nerve agents

Question 4

a chemical agent which injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the skin
also referred to as a vesicant agent

Answer 4

blister agent

Question 5

a chemical compound, including the cyanide group that affects bodily functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by the body

Answer 5

blood agent

Question 6

a chemical agent that causes severe irritation or swelling of the respiratory tract
also called pulmonary agents

Answer 6

choking agent

Question 7

A. Explosive shells
B. Rockets
C. Missiles
D. Bombs
E. Mines
F. Spray devices
G. Contaminated Food and Water

Answer 7

methods of delivery for chemical agents

Question 8

deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants

Answer 8

bioterrorism

Question 9

Bioterrorism factors:

Answer 9

Natural occurring/designer agents
Difficult to detect
Spread from person to person

Question 10

Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bioterrorism agents can be separated into three categories

Answer 10

A, B, C

Question 11

CDC categorizes bioterrorism agents depending on?

Answer 11

depending on how easily they can be spread and the severity of illness or death they cause

Question 12

Highest Priority/Risk to the public and nation

Answer 12

category A

Question 13

Transmission: They can be easily spread or transmitted from person to person

Answer 13

category A

Question 14

Mortality: They result in high death rates and have the potential for major PH impact

Answer 14

category A

Question 15

Public panic: They might cause public panic and social disruption

Answer 15

category A

Question 16

Special action required: They require special action for PH preparedness

Answer 16

category A

Question 17

Examples:
Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Answer 17

category A

Question 18

Second Highest Priority/Risk to the public and nation

Answer 18

category B

Question 19

Transmission: They are moderately easy to spread

Answer 19

category B

Question 20

Morbidity/Mortality: They result in moderate illness rates and low death rates

Answer 20

category B

Question 21

Laboratory Enhancement/Disease Monitoring: They require specific enhancements of CDC’s laboratory capacity and enhanced disease monitoring

Answer 21

category B

Question 22

Third Highest Priority/Risk include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass spread in the future

Answer 22

category C

Question 23

Biological agents can be spread through:

Answer 23

air
water/food
dermal/percutaneous

Question 24

Portal of Entry
Inhalation

Answer 24

Air

Question 25

Portal of Entry Ingestion

Answer 25

Water/Food

Question 26

Portal of Entry Mucous membranes or abrasions

Answer 26

Dermal/Percutaneous

Question 27

Favorable conditions Pre-dawn Inversion Flat terrain Wind <20mph

Answer 27

Air

Question 28

Radioactive materials that cause damage from alpha, beta, and neutron particles or gamma rays

Answer 28

Radiation Emergency

Question 29

Different types of radiation dispersal devices (RDD) are used to disseminate radioactive material that is a non-nuclear detonation

Answer 29

intentional acts (terrorist)

Question 30

types of intentional acts

Answer 30

a. Spreading radioactive material b. Bombing

Question 31

Due to the commercial aspect of radioactive materials, they are prone to accidental contamination when stored, transported, or in use

Answer 31

unintentional acts

Question 32

types of unintentional acts

Answer 32

a. Nuclear Reactor Accidents (commercial power plant) - b. Transportation accidents

Question 33

two forms of radiation

Answer 33

ionizing non-ionizing

Question 34

types of ionizing radiation

Answer 34

Alpa Beta Gamma Neutron

Question 35

Only harmful if internalized, not if outside the body Once they enter the body through ingestion or inhalation they damage internal organs and tissues They are stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of skin

Answer 35

Alpha

Question 36

may cause skin burns and will be harmful if ingested. Particles are stopped by clothing or a few millimeters of aluminum

Answer 36

Beta

Question 37

may penetrate the skin and destroy living cells and is stopped by several feet of concrete or a couple inches of lead

Answer 37

gamma

Question 38

emitted only during detonation and is 20 times more harmful than Gamma particles

Answer 38

neutron

Question 39

Has less energy and is not strong enough to affect the structure of atoms it contacts, but is strong enough to heat tissue and cause harmful effects

Answer 39

non-ionizing

Question 40

Non-ionizing is characterized as

Answer 40

a laser, microwave and radio waves

Question 41

Environments where there has been a deliberate or accidental attack or contamination

Answer 41

nuclear agent emergency

Question 41

most destructive man-made force

Answer 41

nuclear weapons

Question 42

Nuclear weapons can be deployed in several unique methods:

Answer 42

Air burst Surface blast Sub-surface blast

Question 43

employed when the maximum amount of destruction is desired at ground level most effective nuclear delivery method

Answer 43

Air burst

Question 44

used when targeting an object just below the earth’s surface

Answer 44

surface blast

Question 45

used when seeking to destroy targets deep under the earth’s surface. This will cause a significant ground shock and a large crater

Answer 45

sub-surface blast

Question 46

types of injuries from nuclear weapons

Answer 46

blast thermal

Question 47

Ionizing radiation emitted by the nuclear blast Consists of neutrons, alpha and beta particles and gamma rays

Answer 47

nuclear radiation

Question 48

emits one minute after a nuclear detonation

Answer 48

Residual radiation (aka fallout)

Question 49

Any conventional weapon or device that is capable of high order destruction or disruption and/or used in manner as to harm a large number of people

Answer 49

high yield emergency

Question 50

produces a supersonic over pressurization shock wave

Answer 50

high-explosive (HE)

Question 51

creates a subsonic explosion and lack HE’s over pressurization wave

Answer 51

Low-order explosives (LE)

Question 52

Implies standard military-issued, mass produced, and quality- tested weapons

Answer 52

manufactured

Question 53

Weapons produced in small quantities, or use of device outside is intended purpose

Answer 53

improvised

Question 54

I. Epidemiologic Data II. Food Vulnerability Assessment III. Education IV. Team up with BE to gather information and conduct area survey. V. Support other organizations to establish a plan ensuring that all threats are considered and appropriate resources are used. VI. Provide the Commander with current information on the incident.

Answer 54

PH responsibilities

Question 55

I. Samples for Analysis II. Recommendations III. Risk Communication IV. Water Vulnerability Assessment V. Monitor personal dosimeters VI. Nuclear and Radiological Samples

Answer 55

BE responsibilities

Question 56

Conduct health risk assessment/health hazard control measures

Answer 56

BE

Question 57

Vaccines/Immunizations: Anthrax and Smallpox vaccines. Chemoprophylaxis: Ciprofloxin for Anthrax.

Answer 57

Pre-attack

Question 58

Physical protection: covering mouth with protective mask, surgical mask, High- Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter and exposed skin.

Answer 58

During attack

Question 59

Decontamination: Soap & warm water. 0.5% Chlorine (Cl) solutions on skin. 5% Cl solution on equipment.

Answer 59

Post attack

Question 60

symptoms of nerve agent

Answer 60

i. Runny nose ii. Tightness in chest / Breathing difficulties iii. Nausea / Vomiting iv. Cramps / Twitching of large muscle groups

Question 61

What kind of control measures do you use for Nerve agents?

Answer 61

MOPP-4 Decontamination Chemoprophylaxis/Nerve Agent Antidote Injectors