Field Marshal Ayub Khan from ppt

Question 1

biography

Answer 1

Muhammad Ayub Khan (14 May 1907 -
19 April 1974) was a Pakistani military
officer and politician who served as the
second president of Pakistan from 1958
to 1969. He previously served as the
third Commander-in-Chief of the
Pakistan Army from 1951 to 1958.

Question 2

social reforms

Answer 2

1.Action to stop hoarding(storing),end the black market and action against
smuggling:
Tough action brought down prices. Goods were seized from profiteers and
many arrests were made.
2. Fixed the price of essential foods:
The Govt. fixed the prices of milk, vegetables, and ghee to stop traders
making too much profit at the expense of the people.
3.New housing developments:
Lieutenant-General Azam Khan, a new Rehabilitation
Minister was set tackling the refugee housing problems. A
massive new housing development at Korangi provided
new homes for refugees living in Karachi.
4.Reforms of the marriage and divorce laws:
In 1961 the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance helped improve
the position of women.
Divorces and marriages had to be registered and approved
by the court.
Minimum age for marriage was set at 16 for women and 18
for men.

Question 3

political reforms

Answer 3

A constitutional commission was set-up under
the Supreme Court to implement the work on
the Constitution that was led by Chief
Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin and Supreme Court
justices. The commission reported in 1961 with its
recommendations but President Ayub remained
unsatisfied; he eventually altered the constitution so
that it was entirely different from the one recommended
by the Shahabuddin Commission. The Constitution
reflected his personal views of politicians and the
restriction of using religions in politics.

Question 4

industrial reforms

Answer 4

Industrialization and rural development through constructing
modern national freeways(National Highways) are considered
his greatest achievements and his era is remembered for
successful industrialization in the impoverished country.
Strong emphasis on capitalism and foreign direct
investment (FDI) in the industry is often regarded as the “Great
Decade” in the history of the country
(both economical and political history).
The “Decade of Development” was celebrated, which highlighted
the development plans executed during the years of Ayub’s rule,
the private consortium companies and industries, and is credited
with creating an environment where the private sector was
encouraged to establish medium and small-scale industries in
Pakistan.This opened up avenues for new job opportunities and thus
the economic graph of the country started rising.
He oversaw the development and completion of mega
projects such as hydroelectric dams, power stations,
and barrages all over the country. During 1960-66, the
annual GDP growth was recorded at 6.8%.
Several hydroelectric projects were completed, including
the Mangla Dam (one of the world’s largest dams)
President Ayub authorized planning of nuclear powerplants

Question 5

foreign policy

Answer 5

Industrialization and rural development through constructing
modern national freeways(National Highways) are considered
his greatest achievements and his era is remembered for
successful industrialization in the impoverished country.
Strong emphasis on capitalism and foreign direct
investment (FDI) in the industry is often regarded as the “Great
Decade” in the history of the country
(both economical and political history).
The “Decade of Development” was celebrated, which highlighted
the development plans executed during the years of Ayub’s rule,
the private consortium companies and industries, and is credited
with creating an environment where the private sector was
encouraged to establish medium and small-scale industries in
Pakistan.This opened up avenues for new job opportunities and thus
the economic graph of the country started rising.
He oversaw the development and completion of mega
projects such as hydroelectric dams, power stations,
and barrages all over the country. During 1960-66, the
annual GDP growth was recorded at 6.8%.
Several hydroelectric projects were completed, including
the Mangla Dam (one of the world’s largest dams)
President Ayub authorized planning of nuclear power
plants

Question 6

presidential election of 1965

Answer 6

In 1964, President Ayub Khan was confident in his apparent popularity and saw
the deep divisions within the political opposition which ultimately led him to
announce presidential elections in 1965. He earned the nomination of
the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and was shocked when Fatima Jinnah was
nominated by the Combined Opposition Parties
Fatima Jinnah had gained a lot of support from Karachi, Lahore, and various
parts of West and East Pakistan opposed to President Ayub Khan. Jinnah
targeted the Indus Waters Treaty, Pakistan’s over-reliance on the United
States, and its troubled relations with the Soviet Union.
Election results
It was reported that the elections were widely rigged by the state authorities and
machinery under the control of Ayub Khan and it is believed that had the
elections been held via direct ballot, Fatima Jinnah would have won. The
Electoral College consisted of only 80,000 Basic Democrats. They were easily
manipulated by President Ayub Khan, who won the bitterly-contested elections
with 64% of the Electoral College vote