FIBER Flashcards
Single Mode (SM):
•Higher capacity “Laser”
(100 Gbps / 200km)
Long distance, yellow color. 125
9nm cable size
Multi-Mode (MM):
• Lower capacity LED Light
(1 Gbps / 300m)
- Shorter distances, more simultaneous functions, slower speeds… (62.5um) cable size, orange color (0M1) 1gb speeds, 300m lans
- Aqua color Multi-Mode (50um) cable size (0M4) 10gb speeds, 550m big networks
5 Components of Fiber Cable:
- Core
- Cladding
- Coating
- Kevlar
- Outer Jacket
Fiber Jumper Connectors:
ST - Spring loaded multi-mode bayonet mount (ATT-Trademark)
FC/PC - SM Connector, most popular (screw on). Being replaced by SC/LC.
SC - Square Connector. (Snap On) SM Connector. 1st TIA-568 standard, Push/Pull connect and release, available in duplex config. Good in Multi-Mode also
LC - 1.25 mm ferrule, 1/2 size of ST Connector, Connects with adhesive, SM/MM transceivers, gigabit speeds, MM Ethernet and Fiber chann.
MT - Duplex Connector, single polymer, pond to align, male/female, MM only, almost obsolete.
Fiber Color Code:
Blue 12, Orange 24, Green 36, Brown 48, Slate 60, White 72, Red 84, Black 96, Yellow 108, Violet 120, Pink 132, Aqua 144.
Fiber Attenuators:
CFV
Bring Hot signal down so not too strong…
3 types of Attenuators: (CFV)
- Continuously Variable
- Variable
- Fixed
Mechanical Splicing:
Doesn’t use heat
Alignment Device holds two ends together so light passes through from fiber to fiber (0.3db) signal loss acceptable.
Fusion Splicing:
Machine used to align two fiber ends together, fuses-welds glass together with heat-electric arc. (0.1db) acceptable signal loss.
Proper Fusion Splice:
P.C.F.P.
P - Prep Fiber (strip protective jacket, tubing)
C - Cleave Fiber (cut fiber)
F - Fuse Fiber (Align, Heat)
P - Protect Fiber (Heat Shrink)
Fusion Splice Tension:
0.5 to 1.5lbs of resistance
Core Alignment Splicer:
3-Axis XYZ
Best Fiber splicer (3-axis XYZ)
Connector/Splice Loss caused by: (E.C.E.F.C.B.N.)
E - End Gap (insertion loss/reflect acne)
C - Concentricity (Poor Alignment)
E - End Angle (one end not cut straight but on angle)
F - Finish/Dirt (Cladding and dirt)
C - Core Mismatch
B - Back Reflection (light kicks back causing Return Loss)
N - NA Mismatch (Numerical Aperture) 2 directional losses.
OTDR:
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Tests integrity of Fiber cable, Splice loss, Measures length, Finds faults in Fiber, Creates (original) picture of Fiber cable uses as reference in case problem arises, best for long cables 250-800 ft, good for troubleshooting.
VFL
(Visual Fault Light):
Identifies connectors, bends, breaks and bare fiber, wavelength 650nm +/- 10
Red Light:
Bright red light to locate faults and breaks quickly, (LED OR LD)
Power Meter:
Measures signal strength from the source. db/dbm
dm - optical loss
dbm - optical power
3 test equipment for Fiber:
- OTDR
- POWER METER
- VFL
Fiber Patch Panel:
Terminated fiber cables and access to cross connections.
Fiber Splice Tray:
Holds and protects fusion/mechanical splices.
Launch Cable:
Suppressor Cable
Has pulse suppressor to settle down OTDR after test pulse is sent through fiber
Fiber Optic Light in SM Cable:
Light travels straight (simplest) 5-10u. Cable tv, internet, phone (60 miles)
Fiber Optic Light in MM Cable:
Light bounces
Termination/Connectorization:
More common form of joining fibers, not as good as fiber splicing because of light loss and back reflection.
Chromatic Dispersion:
Longer wavelengths travel faster based on the color spectrum.
5 Cleaning methods of Fiber:
- Protective Caps
- Commercial cleaning Kits
- Spray Air Cans
- Remove connectors use Alcohol
- Remove meter connectors use alcohol pads
Patch Panel Port:
Bulk Head
Fiber can be used as pass through or connected to equip:
True
SONET:
Synchronous Optical Networking
(Data Converter)
4 Fiber Ports (2 going one way, 2 going other).
SONET is data converter, converts data to light to transmit over fiber.
PATH Standard Equip used:
C.I.L.V.
Cisco - Network
IBM - Computers
Lenel - Access Control
Verint - Video Recording
Switch Evolutions:
SONET -»> (15327/15454) -»>DWDM
Fiber Legacy:
•144 strands
Usually goes to a Splice box..
E/F Tunnel to WTC - 144 strands each Tunnel
800 MHz Fiber:
(Police Only)
•48 strands
Goes to a Patch Panel (used for police equip) Blue tube - 12 strands Orange tube - 12 strands Green tube - 12 strands Brown tube - 12 strands
Fiber Wires:
Jumpers - connectors on both sides
Digital - 1 side spliced, other side has connector
APC Connector - Angle Polishes Connector (green tip)
UPC - (blue tip)
ST Connector - (straight tip) bnc type Connector
LC - Clip Connector (blue)
Spur Cable:
•12 strands
Bridge connections to another site.
Short cut
Fiber controls Fans in tunnel:
True
Fiber Strands:
F Tunnel - 144 strands
E Tunnel - 144 strands
800 MHz Police - 48 strands
Spur Cable - 12 strands
Can you Splice SM to MM fiber cables:
NO - Core mismatch
