Fever

Question 1

Body temperature is controlled by the

Answer 1

hypothalamus

Question 2

core body temperature in the range of

Answer 2

36.5–37.5°C (97.7–99.5°F)

Question 3

mean oral temperature is _____ with low levels at 6 a.m. and higher levels at 4–6 p.m.

Answer 3

36.8° ± 0.4°C (98.2° ± 0.7°F),

Question 4

maximal normal oral temperature is _____ 6 a.m. and _____°C (99.9°F) at 4 p.m.;

Answer 4

37. 2°C (98.9°F) at 6am

37. 7 at 4pm

Question 5

The normal daily temperature variation is typically

Answer 5

0.5°C (0.9°F).

Question 6

Rectal temperatures are generally ____ higher than oral readings.

Answer 6

0.4°C (0.7°F)

Question 7

women who menstruate, the a.m. temperature is generally ____ in the 2 weeks before ovulation;
rises by____ with ovulation and remains at that level until menses occur.

Answer 7

lower

∼0.6°C (1°F)

Question 8

fever of >41.5°C (>106.7°F) is called

Answer 8

hyperpyrexia

Question 9

Hyperpyrexia most commonly occurs in patients with

Answer 9

central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhages.

Question 10

is characterized by an uncontrolled increase in body temperature that exceeds the body’s ability to lose heat.
does not respond to antipyretics.

Answer 10

Hyperthermia

Question 11

pyrogenic cytokines include

Answer 11

IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and ciliary neurotropic factor CNF
Interferon -a

Question 12

IFN-α used in the treatment of .

Answer 12

hepatitis

Question 13

During fever, levels of _____are elevated in hypo- thalamic tissue and the third cerebral ventricle

Answer 13

prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Question 14

Primary cell types that produce pyrogenic cytokines

Answer 14

Myeloid and endothelial cells

Question 15

in patients with low-grade fevers or possible disease, the most valuable measurements are the

Answer 15

C-reactive protein level and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 16

occurs in typhoid fever, brucellosis, leptospirosis, some drug-induced fevers, and factitious fever.

Answer 16

Temperature-pulse dissociation (relative bradycardia)

Question 17

Plasmodium vivax causes fever every

Answer 17

third day

Question 18

fever occurs every fourth day with

Answer 18

P. malariae.

Question 19

relapsing fever is related to ____, with days of fever followed by a several-day afe- brile period and then a relapse into additional days of fever.

Answer 19

Borrelia infection

Question 20

fever lasting 3–10 days is followed by afebrile periods of 3–10 days; this pattern can be classic for Hodgkin’s dis- ease and other lymphomas.

Answer 20

Pel-Ebstein pattern,

Question 21

In cyclic neutropenia, fevers occur every ___and accompany the neutropenia.

Answer 21

21 days

Question 22

the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of PGE2

Answer 22

arachidonic acid

Question 23

In children, acetaminophen or oral ibuprofen must be used because aspirin increases the risk of

Answer 23

Reye’s syndrome.

Question 24

for every increase of 1°C over 37°C, there is a ___ increase in oxygen consumption)

Answer 24

13%