CARDIO

Question 1

Aortic dissection often occurs along the ___ where the hydraulic shearstress is high.

Answer 1

right lateral wall of the ascending aorta

Question 2

Contraindicated medicine to AORTIC DISSECTION

Answer 2

HYDRALAZINE

Question 3

In RHD, Valvular damage is the hallmark of rheumatic carditis. The___ is almost always affected

Answer 3

mitral valve

Therefore, the characteristic manifestation of carditis in previously unaffected individuals is mitral regurgitation

Question 4

The most common form of joint involvement in ARF is

Answer 4

arthritis, i.e.,objective evidence of inflammation, with hot, swollen, red, and/or tender joints, and involvement of more than one joint (i.e., polyarthritis).

Question 5

True or false:

In ARF, Polyarthritis is typically migratory, moving from one joint to Another over a period of hours. ARF almost always affects the large joints—most commonly the knees, ankles, hips, and elbows—and is asymmetric

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In ARF and RHD, The best antibiotic for secondary prophylaxis is

Answer 6

benzathine penicillin G (1.2 million units, or 600,000units if ≤27 kg) delivered every 4 weeks

Question 7

In ARF and RHD, Penicillin-allergic patients can receive

Answer 7

erythromycin (250 mg) twice daily

Question 8

Graduated compressions stockings with pressures of 20–30 mmHg are suitable for most patients with simple varicose veins, although pressures of____ may be required for patients with manifestations of venous insufficiency such as edema and ulcers.

Answer 8

30–40mmHg

Question 9

is the standard of care for advanced chronic venous insufficiency characterized by edema, skin changes,or venous ulcers defined as CEAP clinical class C3–C6

Answer 9

Graded compression therapy consisting of stockings or multilayered compression bandages

Question 10

True or false

Graduated compression stockings of 30–40 mmHg are more effective than lesser grades for healing venous ulcers. The length of stocking depends onthe distribution of edema

Answer 10

True

Question 11

for definitive diagnosis for PAH

Answer 11

right heart catheterization (RHC)

Question 12

Determinants of ventricular afterload

Answer 12

Systemic vascular resistance
Elasticity of the arterial tree
Ventricular wall tension

Question 13

What are the most common type of sarcoma in adults

Answer 13

angiosarcomas

Question 14

What are the most common type of sarcoma in children

Answer 14

rhabdomyosarcomas

Question 15

The optimal therapy for cardiac sarcoma is

Answer 15

complete resection

often with neoadjuvant and postoperative chemotherapy;

Question 16

The only sarcoma which may respond to a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy is

Answer 16

cardiac lymphosarcomas