Fetal Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Most common open neural tube defect:

A

Anencephaly

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2
Q

Most common site of obstruction in the brain, causing hydrocephalus

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius

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3
Q

Arnold Chiari type 2

A

Hydrocephalus
Lumbosacral meningomyelocele
Cerebellar herniation

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4
Q

A defectus lamina reuniens is the cause of:

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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5
Q

Four-layered cortex of the fetal skull instead of the usual six-layered cortex describes which anomaly?

A

Lissencephaly

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6
Q

Most common location for an encephalocele to occur:

A

Occipital region

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7
Q

The “Lemon” sign may be an indication of:

A

Spins Bifida

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8
Q

Many fetuses with spina bifida also have:

A

Hydrocephalus

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9
Q

Duplication of the structures in the face and cranium describe:

A

Diprosopus

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10
Q

Malformation of the lymphatic system may cause:

A

Cystic Hygroma

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11
Q

What side of the umbilicus is gastroschisis usually found?

A

Right

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12
Q

Most common type of diaphragmatic hernia:

A

Foramen of Bochdalek

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13
Q

Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation

A

A condition causing hamartomas to form in the lung

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14
Q

Most severe type of obstruction in the urinary tract:

A

PUV

Posterior Urethral Valve

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15
Q

Double bubble sign

A

Duodenal atresia

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16
Q

Most common type of dwarfism

A

Thanatophoric

17
Q

Most common cardiac abnormality

A

Ventricular septal defect

18
Q

Ebstein’s anomaly

A

Apically located tricuspid valve, creating an enlarged Rt atrium and small Rt ventricle

19
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Ventricular septal defect
Overriding Aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Possible pulmonary stenosis

20
Q

What does the maternal serum quadruple screen consist of?

A

Used to asses risk of T21 and open neural tube defects

Alpha-fetoprotein AFP
Unconjugated Estriol uE3
Chorionic Gonadotropin hCG
Dimeric Inhibin-A DIA

21
Q

To avoid possibility of limb shortening defects, it is suggested to perform chorionic villus sampling at or after:

A

10 wks gest

It is performed to determine fetal karyotype

22
Q

Best site for CVS is:

A

Chorion Frondosum

23
Q

An increase in MSAFP levels may be associated with:

A

Neural tube defects
Multiple pregnancies
Chromosomal abnormalities

24
Q

hCG and DIA are usually_______ with Down syndrome

25
Most common reason to perform fetal blood sampling:
To confirm abnormal results obtained from amniocentesis or CVS
26
Which sites are used to perform fetal blood sampling
Site of cord insertion into the placenta Fetal heart Fetal intrahepatic veins
27
Strongest maternal serum indicator for trisomy 18
Estriol. (uE3)