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OB/Gyn > Early OB > Flashcards

Early OB Flashcards

1
Q

What is SLE?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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2
Q

Describe SLE

A

Autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Can affect skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs.

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3
Q

What are the risk factors that increase the chances of producing a fetus with congenital anomalies?

A

Maternal age, abnormal AFP, maternal disease (DM, SLE), pregnant uterus which is too small or large, h/o previous child with chromosomal disorder, or exposure to teratogenic drug or infectious agents.

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4
Q

What is Tocolysis?

A

Premature labor postponement. Inhibition of uterine contractions.

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5
Q

What causes increased AFP values or MSAFP?

A

Twins, anencephaly, problems with placenta

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6
Q

What is the decidual reaction?

A

Hypertrophic changes in the endometrial cells and glands to provide nourishment to the blastocyst

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7
Q

What 3 layers are formed during gastrulation?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

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8
Q

Age (in weeks) of fetal genitalia

A

Sexless at the end of week 10. Does not reach mature fetal form until the end of week 14

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9
Q

What level HCG should all sacs be seen in US?

A

2000 mIU/mL

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10
Q

When scanning TAS, what level BHCG should there be to see a sac?

A

1800 mIU/mL

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11
Q

What is the endometrium called in the pregnant state?

A

Decidua (Capsularis, Vera and Basalis)

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12
Q

Yolk sac visualization should be seen by what size of MSD?

A

TVS: 8mm
TAS: 20mm

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13
Q

When does angiogenesis occur in the process of pregnancy?

A

In the 5th week on the wall of the YS

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14
Q

What is the double-bleb sign?

A

Sonographic feature of yolk sac and amniotic sac adjacent to each other appearing as 2 small bubbles

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15
Q

What are other names for the yolk stalk?

A

Omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct

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16
Q

At what menstrual age is the umbilical cord formed?

A

End of 6th week (CRL: 4mm)

17
Q

The embryonic period is from:

A

2-8 weeks

18
Q

A hyperechoic structure that may appear at the former site of the ruptured follicle may represent:

A

Corpus Luteum

19
Q

Another name for primtive immature egg is:

A

Oocyte

20
Q

The outer layer of the ovum is referred to as the:

A

Zona Pellucida

21
Q

The fertilized ovum is referred to as the:

A

Zygote

22
Q

When the zygote grows approx 12-16 cell stage it is called:

A

Morula

23
Q

After the morula enters the uterine cavity it is referred to as:

A

Blastocyst

24
Q

What are the two basic areas of the blastocyst?

A

Embryoblast and trophoblast

25
Q

The sensitized endometrium is referred to as the:

A

Decidual reaction

26
Q

The secondary yolk sac is contained in the:

A

Extraembryonic coelom

27
Q

The physiologic abd hernia in the fetus resolves by approx:

A

12 weeks gest

28
Q

The amniotic sac should contain an embryo by the time the mean sac diameter is:

A

25 mm

29
Q

What are the functions of the yolk sac during the 3rd and 4th week gest?

A

Hematopoiesis

Transfer of nutrients

30
Q

When performing TVS, the embryo may be visualized when the CRL is as small as:

A

1-2 mm

31
Q

Most common location for an ectopic preg:

A

Ampulla of Fallopian tube

32
Q

Doppler waveform characteristics of an ectopic pregnancy’s peritrophoblastic flow:

A

High vel, low resistance

33
Q

On a transabdominal sonogram, fetal cardiac activity is usually seen by:

A

6-7 weeks

34
Q

Signs of an abnormal yolk sac:

A 
YS > 5-6 mm
Thin walls
Irregular shaped
Echogenic/calcified 
YS is double (Vitelline duct cyst)
35
Q

The chorionic laeve is formed by the degeneration of the the chorionic villi at the anembryonic pole

A

True

OB/Gyn (9 decks)

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