Early OB Flashcards
What is SLE?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Describe SLE
Autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Can affect skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs.
What are the risk factors that increase the chances of producing a fetus with congenital anomalies?
Maternal age, abnormal AFP, maternal disease (DM, SLE), pregnant uterus which is too small or large, h/o previous child with chromosomal disorder, or exposure to teratogenic drug or infectious agents.
What is Tocolysis?
Premature labor postponement. Inhibition of uterine contractions.
What causes increased AFP values or MSAFP?
Twins, anencephaly, problems with placenta
What is the decidual reaction?
Hypertrophic changes in the endometrial cells and glands to provide nourishment to the blastocyst
What 3 layers are formed during gastrulation?
Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Age (in weeks) of fetal genitalia
Sexless at the end of week 10. Does not reach mature fetal form until the end of week 14
What level HCG should all sacs be seen in US?
2000 mIU/mL
When scanning TAS, what level BHCG should there be to see a sac?
1800 mIU/mL
What is the endometrium called in the pregnant state?
Decidua (Capsularis, Vera and Basalis)
Yolk sac visualization should be seen by what size of MSD?
TVS: 8mm
TAS: 20mm
When does angiogenesis occur in the process of pregnancy?
In the 5th week on the wall of the YS
What is the double-bleb sign?
Sonographic feature of yolk sac and amniotic sac adjacent to each other appearing as 2 small bubbles
What are other names for the yolk stalk?
Omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct
At what menstrual age is the umbilical cord formed?
End of 6th week (CRL: 4mm)
The embryonic period is from:
2-8 weeks
A hyperechoic structure that may appear at the former site of the ruptured follicle may represent:
Corpus Luteum
Another name for primtive immature egg is:
Oocyte
The outer layer of the ovum is referred to as the:
Zona Pellucida
The fertilized ovum is referred to as the:
Zygote
When the zygote grows approx 12-16 cell stage it is called:
Morula
After the morula enters the uterine cavity it is referred to as:
Blastocyst
What are the two basic areas of the blastocyst?
Embryoblast and trophoblast
The sensitized endometrium is referred to as the:
Decidual reaction
The secondary yolk sac is contained in the:
Extraembryonic coelom
The physiologic abd hernia in the fetus resolves by approx:
12 weeks gest
The amniotic sac should contain an embryo by the time the mean sac diameter is:
25 mm
What are the functions of the yolk sac during the 3rd and 4th week gest?
Hematopoiesis
Transfer of nutrients
When performing TVS, the embryo may be visualized when the CRL is as small as:
1-2 mm
Most common location for an ectopic preg:
Ampulla of Fallopian tube
Doppler waveform characteristics of an ectopic pregnancy’s peritrophoblastic flow:
High vel, low resistance
On a transabdominal sonogram, fetal cardiac activity is usually seen by:
6-7 weeks
Signs of an abnormal yolk sac:
YS > 5-6 mm Thin walls Irregular shaped Echogenic/calcified YS is double (Vitelline duct cyst)
The chorionic laeve is formed by the degeneration of the the chorionic villi at the anembryonic pole
True
