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OB/Gyn > Extras > Flashcards

Extras Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal death is defined as death of a fetus:

A
  • At 20 weeks or more of gest

* Weighing 500g or more

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2
Q

Mets ovarian carcinoma can be associated with:

A

Ascites
Peritoneal mets
Omental mets
Liver mets

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3
Q

Which masses are likely to be encountered with preg?

A

Fibroid
Dermoid cyst
Corpus luteal cyst

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4
Q

What is hypofibrinogenemia?

A

Deficiency in fibrinogen,

May be manifested by intravascular coagulation due to a demised fetus left in utero for more than 5 weeks

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5
Q

The biparietal diameter can be determined as early as

A

12 wks

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6
Q

Organogenesis is completed at:

A

8 weeks

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7
Q

How to determine age in weeks from a CRL measurement?

A

CRL (in cm) + 6.5 = weeks gest

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8
Q

Which conditions may cause a double ring sign of the fetal skull

A 
DM
Fetal demise
Sickle cell anemia 
Rh isoimmunization
Fetal distress
Hydrops fetalis
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9
Q

The reason for shoulder pain in an ectopic preg is:

A

Intraperitoneal bleeding with diaphragmatic irritation

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10
Q

Approx how many days during the first 6 wks after conception does the hCG double?

A

2 days

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11
Q

20% of ectopic gestations demonstrate a pseudogestational sac

A

True

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12
Q

Cystic hygromas are associated with:

A

Elevated AFP

Turners syndrome

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13
Q

Describe omphalocele

A

Protrusion of abdominal contents that may contain bowel, liver, or spleen with herniation at the base of the umbilical cord.
Covered by a peritoneal sac covered w amnion

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14
Q

Describe gastroschisis

A

Normal insertion of the umbilical cord, not covered by membrane, herniates to the right side

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15
Q

Nonspecific signs of fetal death

A 
Echoes in the amniotic fluid
Absence of falx cerebri
A decrease in BPD 
Double contour of the fetal head
( halo sign)
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16
Q

How long after fetal death can scalp edema be seen?

A

2-3 days

24-72 hrs

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17
Q

Sonographic Spaulding’s sign is:

A

Overlapping of the fetal cranium

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18
Q

Associated conditions with hydrocephalus

A

Meningomyelocele
TORCH
Aqueductal stenosis
Dandy walker symdrome

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19
Q

After evacuation of molar preg, how long does it take for hCG to return to normal range?

A

10-12 weeks

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20
Q

What percentage of molar preg results in choriocarcinoma?

A

3-20%

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21
Q

Where does choriocarcinoma mets to?

A

Liver, lungs, brain, bone, GI tract

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22
Q

Which country has greatest incidence of hydatidiform mole?

A

Japan

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23
Q

What is the reason of a CXR S/P hydatidiform mole treatment?

A

Mets evidence

PE

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24
Q

What distinguishes the small bowel from the large bowel

A 
Valvulae conniventes
(Folds of the small intestine)
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25
Q

The term pathogenic denotes:

A

The characteristics of a disease

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26
Q

Ovarian carcinomas usually mets to

A

Bowel

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27
Q

Accuracy of gest sac vol measurement as a means of estimating gest age is

A

Confidence limit of +/- 9 days

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28
Q

Long term effects of an IUGR born child

A

Speech defects
CNS abnormalities
Diminished intelligence
More frequent in male than female

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29
Q

Anomalies associated with IUGR

A

T21
T18
Potter’s syndrome
Neural tube defects

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30
Q

Ideal time for detecting spina bifida

A

17-18 weeks

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31
Q

Functions of the yolk sac

A

Hematopoiesis
Development of sex glands
Formation of digestive tube
Transfer of nutrients

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32
Q

The yolk sac that persists as a diverticulum of the ileum is known as:

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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33
Q

Sonographic findings of a blighted ovum

A 
"Tennis racquet" shape 
Disproportion between gest sac and UT size
Failure of gest sac to grow
Fragmentation of the sac
Weak surrounding echoes
8 wks no embryo
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34
Q

Single umbilical artery is associated with:

A

Twins
DM
Congenital anomalies

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35
Q

Measurement of the umbilical vein diameter is a useful indicator of:

A

Rh isoimmunization

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36
Q

Double-ring sign aka halo sign is associated with:

A 
Fetal demise
Fetal distress
Sickle cell anemia
DM 
Rh isoimmunization 
Fetal anasarca
Hydrops
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37
Q

Thickening of the placenta is associated with

A 
Rh isoimmunization 
Multiple gestation 
Maternal heart disease
DM
Transplacental syphilis
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38
Q

Thinning of the placenta is associated with

A

IUGR
Placental insufficiency
Preeclampsia
Poly

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39
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

Mathematical methodology to estimate EDC

LMP + 7days- 3 months + 1 yr

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40
Q

Avg duration of preg

A

280 days
40 weeks
9 calendar months
10 lunar months

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41
Q

Ratio of HC to AC throughout preg

A

12-24 wks gest — head larger than abd
32-36 wks gest — head and abd are equal
36-40 wks gest — abd larger than head

42
Q

What combo results in Rh isoimmunization?

A

Mother Rh- and father Rh+

43
Q

Total malfusion of ductus paramesonephricus

A

Dedelphic uterus

44
Q

Partial malfusion of ductus paramesonephricus

A

Bicornuate uterus

45
Q

Minimal malfusion of ductus paramesonephricus

A

Septate uterus

46
Q

Unilateral arrested development of paramesonephric duct

A

Uterus unicornis

47
Q

Dysgerminoma

A

Malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
Equal to seminoma of the testes
Uncommon tumor

48
Q

Dermoid cyst

A

More common in younger females
Aka benign cystic teratoma
Most common benign germ cell tumor in the female
Mostly unilateral
Has hair, teeth, bone, fat
Tip of the iceberg sonographic appearance

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of PID

A 
Pelvic pain
Fever
Leukocytosis
Rapid pulse
Vaginal discharge 
Rebound tenderness
50
Q

PID in IUD users is associated with

A

Actinomycosis (long term infection that causes sores or abscesses in the body’s soft tissue)

51
Q

Most common location of dermoid cyst

A

Superior to uterine fundus

52
Q

When is the recommended time to perform genetic amniocentesis?

A

16-19 weeks gest age

53
Q

Time most accurate to measure FL in gest age

A

14-20

54
Q

Reasons for amniocentesis

A

Sex determination
Genetic disorders
Fetal maturity
Hemolytic disease

55
Q

Ifetal iliac crests can be depicted as early as

A

12 weeks

56
Q

Normal rate of chest wall movements in utero

A

12-60 breathes per minute

57
Q

How long after conception in a normal preg can hCG be detected

A

10 days

58
Q

Method of terminating preg up to 12 wks menstrual age

A

Vacuum aspiration

59
Q

Possible masses arising from post aspect of uterus may be confirmed by

A

Water enema with real time sonography

60
Q

Stages of Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

A 
0  carcinoma in situ
1A  microinvasive
1B carcinoma confined to the cx
2  carcinoma extending beyond cx
2B lateral parametrial my involvement 
3 distant mets
61
Q

Methods of obtaining head circumference

A

Real time electronic caliper
Map measurer
Commercial computer measurement system
Formula HC= BPD + OFD/2.(Pi)

62
Q

Urinary bladder of fetus is completely developed by

A

12 wks

63
Q

Incompetent cervix is treated at how many weeks of gest

A

14-18 wks
By McDonald’s procedure
Or shiradkor

64
Q

Neonate is considered growth retarded

A

When neonate weight is below the 10th percentile

65
Q

Formula for AC

A

AC = (D1+D2) x 1.57

66
Q

IPCKD

A 
Autosomal recessive 
Occurs bilaterally 
Bilateral renal enlargement 
Occurs with Meckel's syndrome
Incompatible w life
67
Q

IMCKD

A

Autosomal dominant
Usually unilateral
Can be diagnosed before birth
Occurs in Meckel’s syndrome

68
Q

Sonography can’t depict alopecia

A

True

69
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Fluid over 2,000 mL

70
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Fluid below 300 mL

71
Q

Approximately 75% of twins are of the same sex

A

True

72
Q

Cleft palate is associated with

A

Hypotelorism

Alobar holoprosencephaly

73
Q

German measles in the first 12 wks gest may give birth to

A

Auditory defects
Patent ductus arteriosus of heart
Microcephaly

74
Q

Kidneys can be depicted as early as

A

14 wks

75
Q

Incidence of ovarian carcinoma in women in the US over 50 yrs of age is

A

33 per 100,000

76
Q

Hydrops fetalis can be secondary to

A

Tumors obstructing venous return

Rh isoimmunization

77
Q

Chorionic and amnion fuse approx

A

10-14 wks

78
Q

Maternal conditions associated with increased incidence of fetal heart malformation

A

DM

Meds such as lithium

79
Q

Placenta Previn occurs most commonly in

A

Multigravid patients
H/O C-section
H/O previous therapeutic abortion

80
Q

Fetal arrythmias may be associated with

A

Malformed hearts
Maternal SLE
Maternal rheumatoid arthritis

81
Q

The hydropic villi in pregnancy cannot be recognized until

A

After 14 wks

82
Q

Amniocentesis is performed between 16-18 wks bc

A

The amniocentesis have the highest likelihood for successful harvesting of chromosomes

83
Q

With anencephaly there is a 30 % chance of spinal dysraphism

A

True

84
Q

What level of hCG can the gest sac be seen based on 2nd international reference

A

500 mIU/mL in transvaginal

85
Q

Cumulus oophorus consists of

A

Oocyte

Cluster of granulosa cells that surround it

86
Q

Muscles that form the boundaries of the true pelvis

A

Piriformis
Iliopsoas
Obturator

87
Q

Gest age where the prox tib epiphyseal ossification center is seen

A

35 weeks

88
Q

Cysterna magna is best seen at what week gest

A

15-28 weeks

89
Q

In orienting the fetal heart which are the most important cardiac anatomy pieces to recognize

A

Foramen ovale

Moderator band

90
Q

Eustachian valve function

A

Directs blood from IVC to Rt atrium to foramen ovale

91
Q

What % of blood flow crosses the foramen ovale

A

60% or Rt atrial blood vol

92
Q

Blood from pulmonary artery passing thru ductus arteriosus

A

90%

93
Q

Crista dividens complex is associated with

A

Eustachian valve and foramen ovale

94
Q

Moderator band should be scanned to confirm cardiac situs if foramen ovale is not seen

A

True

95
Q

Use of doppler in fetal echo is not helpful in

A

Arrhythmia diagnosis

96
Q

PI is

A

Pulsatility index

(A-B)/ mean

97
Q

Normal waveform of umbilical artery

A

Triangular shaped

98
Q

A/B ratio of umbilical artery in the 3rd trimester is less than

A

3.0

99
Q

What is the pourcelot index

A

Resistivity index

(A-B)/A

100
Q

Lateral uterine wall vessel Doppler in a normal pregnancy will be

A

Low pulsatility

High end diastolic frequencies

101
Q

Ratio of uterine arcuate artery is less than___ after 26wks gets

A

2.6

OB/Gyn (9 decks)

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