Fertilisation and Puberty Flashcards
External fertilisation is more dangerous for the offspring. What generally happens to counteract this?
More offspring are made. And vice versa for internal fertilisation.
What is the function of the ovary?
- Makes and matures ova cells
- Makes female sex hormones (oestrogen and progestogen)
What is the function of the fallopian tube/oviduct?
Takes the ova from the ovary to the uterus for fertilisation. Uses cilia to push the ova along.
What is the function of the funnel of the oviduct?
Captures the egg and delivers it to the fallopian tubes.
What is the function of the uterus?
Muscular organ where the foetus develops.
What is the function of the cervix?
It holds the foetus in the uterus. It dilates (thins out and opens up) during childbirth.
What is the function of the testes?
Produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone.
What is the function of the scrotum?
Pouch of skin to hold the testes away from the body.
What is the function of the epididymis?
A long tube that stores sperm.
What is the function of the penis?
Delivery system for the sperm
What is the function of the erectile tissue?
Contracts to be able to deliver sperm
What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
Makes semen.
What is the function of the prostate gland?
Produces a fluid that is part of semen.
What is the function of the vas deferens?
Transports the sperm
What is the function of the urethra?
Passes urine from the bladder and semen outside of the body
What is puberty?
When an adolescent’s body develops into an adult’s body and secondary sex characteristics develop
What are the main puberty hormones for girls and boys?
Girls = oestrogen
Boys = testosterone
What are the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle?
- Menstrual phase
- Follicular phase
- Ovulation
- Luteal phase
What are the 4 main hormones of the menstrual cycle and what do they do?
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – causes a follicle to mature.
- Oestrogen – makes the lining of the uterus grow thicker.
- Luteinising Hormone (LH) – makes the egg burst out of the follicle – this is ovulation.
- Progesterone – maintains the lining of the uterus, when its levels drop, the lining is shed.
Which two of the 4 hormones of the menstrual cycle are made in the ovaries?
Oestrogen and progesterone
