fermentation/photosynthesis

Question 1

how do we generate energy from fats

Answer 1

they are broke down into fatty acids and glycerol
glycerol is used as G3P and enters into cycle

Question 2

how is energy generated from proteins

Answer 2

broken down into amino acids
goes into pyruvate, acetyl coa, and krebs cycle
produces NH3 as waste, which we pee out

Question 3

biosynthesis

Answer 3

intermediates of cellular respiration are use to synthesize fats and monomers

Question 4

what is the primary product of photosynthesis

Answer 4

g3p

Question 5

what if there is no O2

Answer 5

considered fermentation
glycolysis stops because NAD+ runs out

Question 6

how do animals replenish NAD+

Answer 6

they use pyruvate and NADH to form lactate and NAD+

Question 7

how many ATP does the process of fermentation make vs cellular respiration

Answer 7

only 2 vs 32

Question 8

where does sugar come from

Answer 8

photosynthesis

Question 9

where does ALL O2 come from

Answer 9

photosynthesis

Question 10

chloroplasts evolved from

Answer 10

bacteria

Question 11

what are the role of thykaloids in the choloroplasts

Answer 11

capture light energy which turns into ATP and NADPH

Question 12

function of the stoma

Answer 12

CO2 is turned into sugar here via the calvin cycle

Question 13

what is the role of NADPH

Answer 13

reducing agent for sugar (loses electrons)
it turns CO2 into a hydrocarbon

Question 14

difference between cr and photosynthesis

Answer 14

cr starts with organics that become oxidized
photosynthesis starts with inorganics where some become reduced and some oxidized

Question 15

TQ: where does the O2 in photosynthesis come from?

Answer 15

from CO2

Question 16

where do the hydrogens come from?

Answer 16

from H2O

Question 17

2 major steps in photosynthesis

Answer 17

light reactions
calvin cycle

Question 18

how are photosynthesis and cr opposites

Answer 18

opposite products and reactants

Question 19

light reaction processes

Answer 19

harvests electrons from H2O and uses solar power to make ATP and NADPH

Question 20

The ATP and NADPH from light reactions are used in the calvin cycle by

Answer 20

using CO2, ATP, and NADPH to produce sugar then cycled back in as ADP and NADP+

Question 21

the photosystem structure function

Answer 21

captures the light
made up of proteins and chlorophyll
light hitting chlorophyll stimulates electrons which ends up at primary electron acceptor
the electrons are replaced from H2O, releasing O2 and H

Question 22

how does chlorophyll get excited

Answer 22

light hits pigment molecule, excites electron
these get absorbed or released by photons, which can decrease or increase energy

Question 23

how does light work

Answer 23

excited electrons fall back, releasing energy and shooting off a photon

Question 24

why are plants green

Answer 24

cholorphyll absorbs visible light waves except for green, which it reflects

Question 25

why are photosystems 1 and 2 linked

Answer 25

to make ATP and NADPH

Question 26

where does the calvin cycle occur

Answer 26

occurs in the stoma

Question 27

phase one of calvin cycle is called

Answer 27

carbon fixation

Question 28

enzyme present in phase one

Answer 28

rubisco (most abundant enzyme on earth)

Question 29

rubisco function

Answer 29

makes a 5C molecule into a 6C molecule

Question 30

what is used in phase one

Answer 30

ATP and NADPH from light reactions

Question 31

phase 2 of calvin cycle is called

Answer 31

reduction

Question 32

process of phase 2

Answer 32

g3P is made and used to make glucose