cell signaling/communication Flashcards
bacteria communication
chemical system called “quorum sensing”
eukaryotic communication
coordinates activity
chemicals are the signals
source and receiver are both cells
responses to cell communication
change in gene expression, anabolic or catabolic states, etc.
Ligand
a signaling molecule highly specific to a particular receptor
signal reception process
a ligand binds to a receptor protein, causing shape change
2 types of receptors
intracellular, plasma membrane proteins
intracellular receptors
uses blood stream to get into cell
hydrophobic molecules
(hormones, steroids, etc)
plasma membrane proteins
most receptors (GCPR’s, RTK’s, T cell’s, etc)
where are intracellular receptors located
in the cytoplasm of target cells
membrane protein signal reception uses what receptors
G-protein coupled receptors (GCPR’s)
GCPR function
catalyzes chemical reaction, binds w signaling molecule that activates a G protein, G protein activates enzyme
Can a G-protein turn off
yes, it phosphorylates itself
what would happen is a G protein never turned off
the activated enzyme would never deactivate which would cause constant cell division (aka cancer)
protein phosphatases and kinases
phosphatase- unphosphorylates something
kinase- phosphorylate something
Tyrosine Kinases process
causes something to become phosphorylated after coming together and changing shape which causes it to phosphorylate and then phosphorylate other enzymes
