metabolism Flashcards
what is energy
the ability to cause change
what is energy used for
to do work…but not all energy can do work
what is free energy
energy that can do work
Delta(G)= Delta(H)-TxDelta(S)
what is Entropy
disorder
H=G=TS (what is H)
total energy
H=G=TS(what is G)
energy that can do work
H=G=TS (what is T and S)
energy that can’t do work
How to determine spontaneity
If delta G is negative, which means entropy is positive
is delta G is positive, it will never occur unless energy is added
why does spontaneity matter?
determines whether we need to produce energy or get it from another source
energy released represents what kind of reaction
exergonic
loss of energy is what
more stability (closer to equilibrium)
How do you go from death to life?
active transport through a semipermeable membrane in combination with ATP
how does energy change after each step in a metabolic pathway
either consumed or produced aided by a catalytic enzyme
what does a catalyst enzyme do
speeds up a reaction (enzyme is left over)
what is RNA used as
a catalyst due to the prescense of oxygen
active site
where the substrate attaches and the reaction occurs
what is enzyme regulation
cells shutting on or off enzymes based on bodily needs
catabolism
metabolic process that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones, while releasing energy
anabolism
smaller molecules are built up into larger ones while requiring ATP
what is the effect of toxins on enzymes
it can shut them off
competitive inhibitors
closely resembles substrate, blocks off active site
CO and hemoglobin are an example
non-comptetitive inhibition
doesn’t block active site, bonds to another part
part of allosteric regulation
causes shape change when binding to allosteric site
what is ATP
energy currency of the cell
what is phosphorylation
attatching a posphate group, used to power non-spontaneous reactions
what is ATP composed of
ribose sugar, nitrogenous (adenine) base, and 3 phosphate groups
where does the energy in ATP come from
the instability of the compound
it causes change to whatever it is stuck to
Does ADP or ATP have more free energy?
ATP
how is ATP made?
cellular respiration and photosynthesis
