Femoral Triangle

Question 1

What are the 4 contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 1

1. Femoral N.
2. Femoral A.
3. Femoral V.
4. Femoral Canal

Question 2

What are the borders of the femoral triangle

Answer 2

Superiorly (Base), the inguinal L.

Medially - adductor longus M.

Laterally (apex) - saritorious M.

Question 3

Draw the fem. triangle

Answer 3

Draw

Question 4

What makes up the floor of the fem. triangle

Answer 4

Laterally - Iliacus M.

Medially - Pectineus M.

Question 5

What makes up the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 5

Fascia lata

Question 6

What does the femoral N. Terminate into

Answer 6

The saphenous N.

Question 7

What aspects of the leg does the femoral N. Innervate cutaneously with afferent fibers

Answer 7

Anteromedial region aspects of the leg, foot , and knee

Question 8

What two veins feed into the femoral V.

Answer 8

The saphenous V. And the profunda femoris V.

Question 9

What is the femoral canal and what is its purpose

Answer 9

Empty space with deep inguinal lymph nodes

Allows for expansion of femoral V. With higher blood pressure

Question 10

Where do femoral hernia’s usually occur?

Answer 10

At the femoral ring

Question 11

What are the three components of the femoral sheath

Answer 11

A/V/L

Question 12

Does the femoral sheath contain the femoral N.?

Answer 12

NO

Question 13

The femoral sheath is pieced by what?

Answer 13

The great saphenous V. As it comes up to the Femoral V.

Question 14

What is the relationship fo the Femoral Ring to the Femoral Sheath

Answer 14

The femoral ring makes up the most medial femoral canal opening within the femoral sheath. It is here that hernias can occur

Question 15

The femoral sheath lies where anatomically

Answer 15

Inferiorly to the inguinal ligament

Question 16

What are the two types of Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Answer 16

1. Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

2. Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Question 17

What is the purpose and action of Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Answer 17

Two types: proximal (horizontal) and distal (vertical)

Distal are on each side of the great saphenous V.

Each type drains lymph into the Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Question 18

Describe Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Answer 18

1-3 nodes along medial side of fem. V.

Located inside fem. canal

Question 19

What SC nerves innervate the femoral N.

Answer 19

L2 - L4

Question 20

Describe meralgia paresthetica

Answer 20

Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous N. As it passes under the inguinal ligament

Causes pain along lateral thing.

Question 21

Describe the adductor canal

Answer 21

Travels from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

Provides inter-muscular passage for femoral vessels

Question 22

What is the adductor hiatus

Answer 22

Opening in the tendon of adductor magnus that allows for the passage of fem. vessels.

Question 23

What passes through the medial side of the adductor canal

Answer 23

The saphenous N. And saphenous branch of the descending genicular A.

Question 24

List the flow of blood within the LE blood system A’s.

Answer 24

Fem. A - > deep femoral A. - > Popliteal A.

Question 25

The deep femoral A. Passes behind what muscle

Answer 25

Adductor longus M.

Question 26

The deep femoral A. Gives rise to what that supply the femur

Answer 26

Perforating A.’s (usually 3)

Question 27

The Deep femoral A. Gives rise to what two important A.’s

Answer 27

Medial circumflex femoral A.

Lateral circumflex femoral A.

Question 28

What is the purpose of the medial circumflex femoral A.

Answer 28

Main supply to the femur head/neck and posterior thigh

Question 29

What is the main supply of the lateral cir. Fem. A.

Answer 29

Lateral thigh and some of the femur head

Question 30

What are the three parts of the lateral cir. Fem. A.

Answer 30

Ascending branch
Transverse branch
Descending branch

Question 31

What is the main blood supply for the thigh muscles

Answer 31

The deep femoral A.

Question 32

Why do varicose veins occur and what are the symptoms

Answer 32

Valves are incompetent due to dilation or rotation and no longer function properly, causing blood to flow backwards

Question 33

What is venous stasis and what is its cause

Answer 33

Stagnation of blood that can cause a DVT

Caused by:
Loose fascia that fails to resist muscle expansion, which reduces the effectiveness of the musculovenous pumps

External pressure on the veins from hemorrhage

Muscle inactivity

Question 34

Why is the great saphenous V. Sometimes used for CABG

Answer 34

1. Readily accessible
2. Sufficient distance away from tributaries
3. Higher percentage of elastic fibers

Question 35

Where can a nerve block be performed on the femoral N.

Answer 35

2 cm. Inferior to inguinal L. And aprox. 1 finger breath Lateral to Fem A.

Question 36

Why is the femoral A. An easy place for access for different things

Answer 36

How superficial it is

Question 37

Describe how to palpate a femoral pulse

Answer 37

Pulse may be palpated midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

Place 5th digit on ASIS and thumb on public tubercle, fem. pulse can be felt with mid-palm, just inferior to inguinal ligament

Question 38

Why does an arteriovenous shunt occur?

Answer 38

Occurs post trauma as a result of communication between injured vessels

Question 39

What is the cruciate anastomosis

Answer 39

A four-way common meeting of the medial and lateral circumflex fem. A’s

Not very common

Question 40

What is a saphenous varix and what does it cause

Answer 40

A localized dilation of the terminal part of the great saphenous V.

May cause edema in femoral triangle and varicose veins in lower limbs

Question 41

Femoral hernias are more common in who

Answer 41

Women than men

Question 42

What is a strangulation of a femoral hernia and why does it occur

Answer 42

Occurs because of the sharp, rigid boundaries of the femoral ring, particularly the concave margin of the lacunar L.

Strangulation interferes with the blood supply to the herniated intestine which may result in necrosis