Feminism: Globalisation Flashcards
1
Q
Statistic about gender and digital communication
A
Women use certain social media apps a lot more than men. For example 70% of Instagram and Pinterest users are female.
Women still represent under a 1/5 of IT managers and 21% of computer analysts.
2
Q
Feminist theory
A
- Feminist research on globalisation has emerged as a response in the patriarchal concerns of digital media
- Research focuses on the exclusion of women from the use of technology
- Feminists emphasise the role of women and feminists in those developing digital communication
- They aim to challenge and overturn ideas such as the perception that men are the innovators of the internet
3
Q
Haraway Cyborgs: First study
A
- Felt that women should be included in all forms of knowledge relating to technological information
- Feminists shouldn’t be excluded from technological advances and cannot be essentialised
- Cyborgs which are part machine and part human, allow people to transcend or rise above gender-bound ideas
- This allows women to create new forms of identity and not be stifled by traditional ideas
4
Q
Haraway: Second study
A
- Haraway used the cyborg metaphor to explain how problems with feminism and capitalism may be overcome through more understanding of identity by using the cyborg theory
- She looked at how technology could allow female empowerment by offering opportunities beyond traditional female roles
5
Q
Nakamura:
A
- Women from ethnic minorities are gaining an increasing presence in digital communication which enables their interests
- Access to support networks for women which offer practical and emotional support for women who have experienced discrimination
- E.g The everyday sexism project
6
Q
Globalisation and the exploitation of women:
A
- Globalisation has enabled new opportunities for criminals to exploit vulnerable groups
- Women are now at risk of becoming commodities to be bought, sold and consumed
- Women have a vulnerable position due to the fact that powerful people have not made legislation to protect women
- Protection of women in now difficult due to human trafficking networks being covertly organised in an unregulated digital world
7
Q
Arlaccki:
A
- Trafficking has increased as national boundaries have become less significant which means illegally moving people has become much easier
- Exploitation has become one of the biggest undesirable consequences of globalisation
- Exploitation is also not considered a priority
8
Q
Child exploitation and Online protection centre data
A
- 18,887 reports relating to child sexual exploitation
- 192 people suspected of online child exploitation were arrested
9
Q
Negative impacts of exploitation:
A
- Physical, sexual and emotional abuse
- Commodification of women
- Ability to share erotising of men’s violence towards women
- Objectification = Women are becoming regarded as objects
- Sexualised violent imagery is seen as less serious
- Viewing of violence against women is undetected due to the lack of regulation
10
Q
The centre for social justice:
A
- Study looks at the nature and extent of slavery in the UK
- This exploitation research showed that large proportions of the cases are never reported
- This is because globalisation has led to methods of organising crime undetected
11
Q
Hughes:
A
- Digital forms of communication offers new ways that patriarchal ideology can exert more control over women
- E.g. Sexual exploitation on the internet (bride trafficking, sex tourism, information on where to buy prostitutes)
12
Q
How does digital communication reproduce patriarchy:
A
- Provides new ways for exploitation of women and children
- Patriarchal ideology perpetuated through imagery and representation of women
- Digital communication companies are perceived as masculine and women play more of a secondary role
13
Q
Practical responses by feminists:
A
- E.g. Through the work of FemTechNet
- Teach female students technology, science and feminism
- Aim is to empower marginalized voices in technology and education
14
Q
Fourth wave feminism:
A
- Technology as a method for communicating and sharing ideas
- New forms of communication allow women to build strong and popular movements online
- E.g. An 18-year-old who founded a feminist society at school experienced online abuse. She wrote an article which went viral and now works to campaign for feminist societies in school
15
Q
Evaluation of feminism
A
- Ignore how globalisation can empower women (increases access to work and education)
- Technology can allow gender inequalities to be challenged by using online campaigns to resist (E.g.MeToo movement)
