female reproductive system

Question 1

the genital tissue is the same before it begins to change. The change depends on a testosterone product released in male fetuses called dihydrotesterone, DHT. The change is completed at week twelve. Without DHT, the genitals of the fetus will develop into female structures.

Answer 1

Homologous Sex Organs

Question 2

secrete mucus for lubrication

Answer 2

vestibular glands

Question 3

protect and cover some reproductive structures

Answer 3

labia majora

Question 4

contain autonomic nervous system axons that stimulate arousal and sexual climax feeling

Answer 4

clitoris

Question 5

Reproductive organs/gonads

Answer 5

ovaries

Question 6

major hormones in the female

Answer 6

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 7

gametes or eggs (ova, oocyte)

Answer 7

female Reproductive cells

Question 8

union of sperm & egg =zygote

copulation, coitus, sexual intercourse

Answer 8

Fertilization

Question 9

uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
clitoris
mammary glands

Answer 9

Accessory sex organs

Question 10

Primary sex organs of the female

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

Paired, on either sided of uterus

Responsible for secretion of hormones

Responsible for the production of ova (oocyte, egg), produced in cortex. Within the cortex are thousands of ovarian follicles.

Answer 11

Ovaries & Oogenesis

Question 12

are surrounded by follicle cells

Answer 12

oocytes

Question 13

During the fetal period, the oogonia start the process of meiosis, but they are stopped at prophase I. At this point, the cells are called

Answer 13

primary oocytes.

Question 14

The process of oogenesis occurs in a female fetus before birth. At this time, the ovary contains primordial germ cells called oogonia, which are diploid

Answer 14

Oogenesis-Before Birth

Question 15

At birth, the ovary of a female child is estimated to contain approximately 1.5 to 2 million primordial follicles within its cortex.

The primary oocytes in the primordial follicles remain arrested in prophase I until puberty

Answer 15

Oogenesis-Before Birth

Question 16

time when a woman is nearing menopause, estrogen levels begin to drop, typically onset between 45 and 55 years

Answer 16

Perimenopause

Question 17

one full year without menstruation

Answer 17

Menopause

Question 18

ovaries are inactive, and no follicles develop

Answer 18

During childhood

Question 19

some primordial follicles regress or break down. By the time she reaches puberty only about 400,000 primordial follicles remain.

Answer 19

Atresia occurs

Question 20

the hypothalamus releases GnRH, which stimulates the ant. pit. to release FSH and LH (menarche).

Answer 20

At puberty

Question 21

The levels of FSH and LH vary in a cyclical pattern and produce

Answer 21

monthly ovarian cycle

Question 22

days 1–13 (28-day cycle). Follicular phase

day 14 of cycle, release of the secondary oocyte from a vesicular follicle.

Typically only one ovary ovulates each month

Answer 22

Ovulation

Question 23

days 15–28 remaining follicle cells turn into a corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen, builds up lining, prepare for implantation

functional for 10–13 days if the secondary oocyte is not fertilized (corpus luteum)

it regresses and becomes a corpus albicans

Answer 23

Luteal phase

Question 24

Also called fallopian tubes, oviducts or uterine horns; extend laterally from both sides of the uterus toward the ovaries.

Lined with ciliated simple columnar that beat towards the uterus, peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle also helps move oocyte.

Answer 24

Uterine Tubes

Question 25

finger-like projections off the end of uterine tubes

Answer 25

Fimbriae

Question 26

In these tubes, the secondary oocyte is fertilized, and the pre-embryo begins to develop as it travels toward the uterus. Travel time: about 5 to 6 days to reach the lumen of the uterus. Once egg is ovulated, viability is only 12-24 hours.

Answer 26

uterine tubes

Question 27

pre-embryo implants into the inner uterine wall and becomes connected to the lining, develops into the placenta

Answer 27

Site for implantation (uterus)

Question 28

if an oocyte is not fertilized or after a baby is expelled, the muscular wall of the uterus contracts and sheds its inner lining as menstruation

Answer 28

Site for menstruation (uterus

Question 29

Regions of uterus

Answer 29

fundus, body, cervix

Question 30

endometrium (functional zone), myometrium (smooth muscle), perimetrium (serous) Supports, protects, and nourishes the developing embryo/fetus Ejects the fetus at birth after maternal oxytocin levels increase to initiate the uterine contractions of labor.

Answer 30

lining of uterus

Question 31

occurs approx during days 1–5 of the cycle. This phase is marked by sloughing of the functional layer and lasts through the period of menstrual bleeding.

Answer 31

Menstrual phase

Question 32

spans approx days 6–14. The initial development of the functional layer of the endometrium overlaps the time of follicle growth and estrogen secretion.

Answer 32

Proliferative phase

Question 33

occurs approx during days 15–28. Increased progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum results in increased vascularization and development of uterine glands. If the oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, and the progesterone level drops dramatically. Without progesterone, the functional layer lining sloughs off, and the next menstrual phase begins.

Answer 33

Secretory phase

Question 34

external sex organs in females

Answer 34

Vulva (External Genitalia )

Question 35

expanse of skin, C.T. & adipose anterior to the pubic symphysis. Covered with pubic hair in postpubescent females

Answer 35

Mons pubis (External Genitalia )

Question 36

opening between labia minora

Answer 36

Vestibule (External Genitalia )

Question 37

discharge secretions onto surface of vestibule to keep it moist during arousal

Answer 37

Vestibular glands (External Genitalia )

Question 38

glans of clitoris located at the anterior regions of the labia minora

Answer 38

Labia minora (External Genitalia )

Question 39

Located within the anterior thoracic wall.

Answer 39

Mammary Glands

Question 40

cylindrical projection at the center. Contains multiple tiny openings of the excretory ducts that secrete breast milk.

Answer 40

Nipple (Mammary Glands)

Question 41

pigmented (rosy or brownish) ring of skin around the nipple. Surface appears uneven/grainy due to numerous sebaceous glands under the surface.

Answer 41

Areola (Mammary Glands)

Question 42

produce gametes and sex hormones

Answer 42

ovary

Question 43

is a thick-walled, smooth muscle tube. connects the uterus with the outside of the body anteroventrally. Functions as the birth canal, copulatory organ & serves as the passageway for menstruation.

Answer 43

vagina

Question 44

Wall is heavily invested with both blood and lymphatic vessels. Lining is stratified squamous and moistened by cervical gland secretions Resident bacteria obtain nutrients from cervical mucous (pH 3.5-4.5) to restrict growth of other types of bacteria

Answer 44

vagina