Female reproductive physiology Flashcards
name the main reproductive organs (4)
ovary (in pelvis with ovarian follicles) fallopian tubes (fertilisation) uterus (base of implantation) cervix ( opening into the uterus)
uterus communicates externally via the vagina
What is the surface of the ovary made of?
connective tissue capsule covered with layer of simple cuboidal epithelium
the inner structure of the ovary consists of?
the cortex
What is the cortex? what does it have in it?
peripheral part, connective tissue containing ovarian follicles (one oocyte surrounded by single layer of cells)
what follicles are in the cortex
primordial follicles
the central part of the ovary is known as? what is in this part?
Medulla
- has the connective tissues for which the blood vessels supplying the ovaries run
In the ovary - what is oocyte production?, how many eggs will ovulate in an entire reproductive life span?
One mature egg per menstrual cycle, around 400 ovulated during entire reproductive lifespan
Majority of eggs perish during the cycle
Finite number, declines with increasing age
what hormones does the ovary produce?
Estrogen develops female secondary sexual characters (breasts, pubic hair)
Progesterone prepares endometrium for implantation
50% of testosterone produced by ovaries before?
menopause
Fetal life - cells are frozen until?
Primordial germ cell mitosis in fetal life only and primordial follicles arrested in the stage of first meiotic division until puberty
When does the first meiotic division complete?
First meiotic division complete and second division starts after puberty and leads to release of one secondary oocyte in a menstrual cycle which is capable of fertilisation
When does the 2ND meiotic division complete?
Second meiotic division completes after fertilisation of oocyte with sperm
Why does oogenesis stop and restart?
- second meiotic division completed when?
halving of the nuclear compliment (chromosome number halved)
- the mature egg should only 23 chromosome number so that it can fertilise with the sperm
before birth what are makes up the ovarian ?
primordial follicles pool from the germ cell
in an ovarian cycle what does the dominant follicle go on to do?
what happens to the other eggs?
out of the group, the dominant follicle carries on the process of going from a primary to secondary follicles
the eggs perish
What are the 4 Follicular development stages? briefly describe the stages?
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES - primary oocyte arrested in first meiotic division surrounded by one layer of squamous pre granulosa cells.
PRIMARY FOLLICLE- oocyte surrounded by zona and cuboidal granulosa cells
SECONDARY follicle- increased oocyte diameter and multiple layer of granulosa cells, resumption of first meiotic division
TERTIARY /Graffian follicle- follicular fluid between the cells which coalesce to form antrum, completion of first meiotic division to form secondary oocyte and start of second meiotic division.
Primordial cells are activated by?
hormones
squamous cells to cuboidal cells in what follicle?
primary
prenatal phase includes what?
oogonia, primordial, primary and secondary
Antral phase incldues?
Tertiary and preovulatory
What forms the antrum?
follicular fluid between the cells which coalesce
Before birth what division is there?
mitosis - produces primary oocyte (arrests in prophase 1)
After puberty, what process begins? where does the secondary oocyte arrest?
What happens after the oocyte arrests
meiosis - the secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase II)
ovualtion - sperm entry
the secondary oocyte gets most of what compared to the polar body?
nuclear component
goes on for more meiosis to fertilization
