Contraception Flashcards
What is the most commonly used contraceptive fertility control method?
Combined hormonal contraception
what contraception has low maintenance?
Implant or IUT
only male contraception?
condoms/vasectomy
what would be the most effective contraception
vasectomy followed by implant
what method of contraception has a delay in reversibility?
injections
what is the pearl index
the number of contraceptive failures per 100 women-years of exposure
Life Table Analysis provides ?
the contraceptive failure rate over a specified time-frame and can provide a cumulative failure rate for any specific length of exposure
what does Long-Acting Reversible Contraception minimise
user input and so minimises user failure rates
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception can fail in what 2 ways?
Method failure
User failure
When can sex cause pregnancy ?
26-32 day cycle and not on hormonal contraception
sex causing pregnancy - ovulation time?
Likely ovulate day 12-18 ( 2 weeks before period)
How long does an egg survive
24 hours
average sperm survival time?
less than 4 days
highest chance of pregnancy is from sex on days?
8-19
what is in the combined hormonal contraception?
ethinyl estradiol (EE) and synthetic progesterone (progestogen
How does the the combined hormonal contraception work?
Stop ovulation, also affect cervical mucus and endometrium
standard procedure for Combined hormonal contraception?
21 days with a hormone free week
Different types of combined hormonal contraception
pill, patch and vaginal ring
What is tricycling?
3 packs of pills and one week off - only 5 bleeds per year instead of 13
- no need for uncomfortable inconvenient withdrawal bleed, avoids forgetting to restart after break
How is the combined pill taken?
daily anytime in 24 hrs- ? Phone app
How is the combined patch taken?
(EVRA TM) changed weekly- < 5% have skin reaction
How is the combined ring used?
changed every 3 weeks
can take out for 3 hrs in 24 so may prefer to take out for sex
Combined methods - Non-contraceptive benefits (6)
Regulate/reduce bleeding- help heavy or painful natural periods
Stop ovulation- may help premenstrual syndrome
Reduction in functional ovarian cysts
50% reduction in ovarian and endometrial cancer
Improve acne / hirsutism
Reduction in benign breast disease, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer and osteoporosis
Troublesome Side effects of combined contraceptive?
- Breast tenderness
- Nausea
- Headache
- Irregular bleeding first 3 months
Mood ? Causal or other life events
Weight gain- not causal
Serious Risks associated with CHC use? -
when should you avoid it?
venous thrombosis- DVT
IF BMI >34, reduced mobility,
Increased risk arterial thrombosis- MI / ischaemic stroke - smokers >35 , focal migraines, hypertension
CHC - when would you not give it to someone (what conditions may they have)
if active gall bladder disease or previous liver tumour
CHC can increase the risk of?
what is not a contraindication for the risk of breast cancer?
cervical cancer- but data predates HPV vaccine
- breast cancer
- non BRCA family history
the risk of VTE increases from?
2 per 100,000
the use of the pill trebles what?
Risk of venous thromboembolism
How is the Progestogen-only pill (POP) ‘ mini-pill’ taken?
same time every day without a pill-free interval
When are the pills not a good choice?
GI upset
what has a 12 hour window period?
- what does this pill also affect?
Desogestrel pill
- mucus, most are bleed free
the traditional LNG NET
pills have what hour window? - 2/3 of the pill relies on?
how is the period affected by these pills?
3 hours
- a cervical mucus effect
- 1/3 bleed free, 1/3 irregular, 1/3 regular
Bonus of the mini-pill?
Oestrogen free- so very few contraindications
Personal Hx Breast cancer / liver tumour