female reproductive clinical

Question 1

Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (with the needle’s position verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

Answer 1

amniocentesis

Question 2

Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

Answer 2

chorionic villus sampling

Question 3

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrumen

Answer 3

colposcopy

Question 4

Diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing

Answer 4

cordocentesis

Question 5

Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study

Answer 5

endometrial biopsy

Question 6

Delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication

Answer 6

insufflation

Question 7

An exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

Answer 7

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

Question 8

Measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow vaginal delivery

Answer 8

pelvimetry

Question 9

Radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium

Answer 9

hysterosalpingography

Question 10

Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer

Answer 10

mammography

Question 11

Ultrasonography of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis

Answer 11

transvaginal ultrasonography

Question 12

Suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion or preterm birth

Answer 12

cerclage

Question 13

Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus

Answer 13

cesarean section

Question 14

Surgical closure of the vaginal canal

Answer 14

colpocleisis

Question 15

Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination

Answer 15

conization

Question 16

Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells

Answer 16

cryosurgery

Question 17

Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

Answer 17

dilation and curettage

Question 18

Excision of the uterus

Answer 18

hysterectomy

Question 19

Hysterectomy in which the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain

Hysterectomy in which the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called

Answer 19

subtotal

total

Question 20

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

Answer 20

laparoscopy

Question 21

Excision of a small primary breast tumor

Answer 21

lumpectomy

Question 22

Surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position

Answer 22

mammoplasty

Question 23

Insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle

Answer 23

augmentation

Question 24

Breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast

Answer 24

reduction

Question 25

Removal of the breast

Answer 25

mastectomy

Question 26

Creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease

Answer 26

reconstructive breast surgery

Question 27

Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase siz

Answer 27

tissue (skin) expansion

Question 28

urgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen

Answer 28

transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

Question 29

Procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

Answer 29

tubal ligation

Question 30

Small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

Answer 30

intrauterine device